NUTR 280 - Final Exam Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes Ans: Vitamins
What is it called when the body cannot make the compound or make enough to
maintain good health. Ans: Essential nutrients
How do essential nutrients differ from macronutrients? Ans: - They are not
metabolized fro energy
- In general, they are present in foods in smaller amounts
How are smaller macronutrients measured Ans: mg, ug, mcg
2 classifying groups of vitamins Ans: Fat soluble and water soluble
How are vitamins classified into their two groups Ans: solubility in either water or fat
What does the solubility of the vitamin determine about them? Ans: absorbed,
transported, stored, and how easily they are lost i.e. excreted
Vitamins A, D, E & K Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is digested and absorbed with fats Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is stored in the body Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Where are Fat-soluble vitamins stored Ans: liver and adipose tissue
Health risk of stored fat soluble vitamins Ans: overtime, they can accumulate and
potentially cause toxicity.
All the B vitamins and Vitamin C Ans: water soluble vitamins
,Thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6,
folate/folic acid, & vitamin B12 Ans: All B vitamins
Which type of vitamin dissolves in watery components of body Ans: water soluble
vitamins
Which type of vitamin is stored inlimited amounts (exception is vitamin B12) Ans:
Water soluble vitamins
Which type of vitamin has the kidneys filter excess and eliminate them in urine; and
less likely to be toxic. Ans: Water soluble vitamins
How do we obtain the needed vitamins? Ans: by eating foods from al the food groups
and oils
Which food groups lack B12? Ans: Grains, vegetables, and fruits
Which food groups are low in Vitamin C Ans: protein foods, grains, and dairy
fortification and enrichment Ans: Another source of vitamins
Which lower-fat versions are required to be enriched with vitamin A? Ans: milk
Is Vitamin D "voluntarily" added to almost all the milk supply in the U.S Ans: Yes
Which food group is Required to be enriched with iron (mineral) and certain B
vitamins Ans: Grains
What are the certain B vitamins added to grains to enrich or fortify them? Ans:
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
Does Enrichment replace all the vitamins and minerals lost during the refining process
of grains Ans: NO
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,What is the main concern of voluntary fortification by food companies Ans: risk of
exceeding the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) possible nutrient toxicities and
adverse health affects
What is another course of vitamins Ans: dietary supplements
If an individual is health and follows a nutritionally adequate diet is it necessary to
consume 100% of every vitamin each day? Ans: No
What in our lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins that can be absorbed
to some extent. Ans: Bacteria
What is needed for the body to synthesize certain vitamins. Ans: certain conditions
What can cause nutrient losses? Ans: Heat, light, oxygen, passage of time, food
processing, food preparation (including cooking) and storage
What affects the amount of vitamins available in a food. Ans: How a food is processed,
prepared, and stored
Fresh vs. canned vs. frozen - Which choice is highest in vitamins? Ans: Frozen
vegetables may supply the most vitamins
Where does Vitamin absorption occurs Ans: mainly in the small intestine (we don't
need to breakdown a vitamin)
What helps to "release" vitamins from food? Ans: Act of "chewing" (mouth)
Chemical digestion - mainly in the small intestine (pancreatic digestive enzyme)
How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed Ans: Incorporated into → micelles
How do micelles aid in absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins Ans: Facilitate the
absorption of fats & fat-soluble vitamins via →"simple diffusion"
simple diffusion Ans: unassisted movements across a cell membrane
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, What happens once the fat soluble vitamins are absorbed? Ans: They're incorporated
into chylomicrons
chylomicrons purpose in absorption Ans: transport fats and fat soluble vitamins out of
the absorptive cells
How do vitamins leave the absorptive cells Ans: via lymph cells
How are water soluble vitamins transported? Ans: transport system (energy needed)
or they bind to a specific molecule in our fluids
Where do water soluble vitamins go once absorbed into the absorptive cells Ans:
directly into the bloodstream bound to blood proteins for transport to cells.
Where do vitamins (water-soluble & fat-soluble vitamins) in general need to be
transported to Ans: cells
What happens in the large intestine regarding vitamins? Ans: certain vitamins can be
made by the bacteria living there
amount of a nutrients that can be effectively digested, absorbed, and used by the body
Ans: Bioavailability
What is Vitamin bioavailability is influenced by? Ans: Composition of the diet, source
of the nutrient, nutrient status, health of the body, & overall health of the body (in
general)
Diet very low in fat → impaired fat-soluble vitamin absorption
Low concentrations of blood proteins → impaired water-soluble vitamin absorption
Ans: Impaired absorption (examples)
provitamin or vitamin precursor Ans: vitamins are absorbed in an "inactive" form but
transform to the vitamin's "active" form once inside the body
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Verified Answers
Complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes Ans: Vitamins
What is it called when the body cannot make the compound or make enough to
maintain good health. Ans: Essential nutrients
How do essential nutrients differ from macronutrients? Ans: - They are not
metabolized fro energy
- In general, they are present in foods in smaller amounts
How are smaller macronutrients measured Ans: mg, ug, mcg
2 classifying groups of vitamins Ans: Fat soluble and water soluble
How are vitamins classified into their two groups Ans: solubility in either water or fat
What does the solubility of the vitamin determine about them? Ans: absorbed,
transported, stored, and how easily they are lost i.e. excreted
Vitamins A, D, E & K Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is digested and absorbed with fats Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is stored in the body Ans: Fat-soluble vitamins
Where are Fat-soluble vitamins stored Ans: liver and adipose tissue
Health risk of stored fat soluble vitamins Ans: overtime, they can accumulate and
potentially cause toxicity.
All the B vitamins and Vitamin C Ans: water soluble vitamins
,Thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6,
folate/folic acid, & vitamin B12 Ans: All B vitamins
Which type of vitamin dissolves in watery components of body Ans: water soluble
vitamins
Which type of vitamin is stored inlimited amounts (exception is vitamin B12) Ans:
Water soluble vitamins
Which type of vitamin has the kidneys filter excess and eliminate them in urine; and
less likely to be toxic. Ans: Water soluble vitamins
How do we obtain the needed vitamins? Ans: by eating foods from al the food groups
and oils
Which food groups lack B12? Ans: Grains, vegetables, and fruits
Which food groups are low in Vitamin C Ans: protein foods, grains, and dairy
fortification and enrichment Ans: Another source of vitamins
Which lower-fat versions are required to be enriched with vitamin A? Ans: milk
Is Vitamin D "voluntarily" added to almost all the milk supply in the U.S Ans: Yes
Which food group is Required to be enriched with iron (mineral) and certain B
vitamins Ans: Grains
What are the certain B vitamins added to grains to enrich or fortify them? Ans:
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
Does Enrichment replace all the vitamins and minerals lost during the refining process
of grains Ans: NO
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,What is the main concern of voluntary fortification by food companies Ans: risk of
exceeding the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) possible nutrient toxicities and
adverse health affects
What is another course of vitamins Ans: dietary supplements
If an individual is health and follows a nutritionally adequate diet is it necessary to
consume 100% of every vitamin each day? Ans: No
What in our lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins that can be absorbed
to some extent. Ans: Bacteria
What is needed for the body to synthesize certain vitamins. Ans: certain conditions
What can cause nutrient losses? Ans: Heat, light, oxygen, passage of time, food
processing, food preparation (including cooking) and storage
What affects the amount of vitamins available in a food. Ans: How a food is processed,
prepared, and stored
Fresh vs. canned vs. frozen - Which choice is highest in vitamins? Ans: Frozen
vegetables may supply the most vitamins
Where does Vitamin absorption occurs Ans: mainly in the small intestine (we don't
need to breakdown a vitamin)
What helps to "release" vitamins from food? Ans: Act of "chewing" (mouth)
Chemical digestion - mainly in the small intestine (pancreatic digestive enzyme)
How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed Ans: Incorporated into → micelles
How do micelles aid in absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins Ans: Facilitate the
absorption of fats & fat-soluble vitamins via →"simple diffusion"
simple diffusion Ans: unassisted movements across a cell membrane
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, What happens once the fat soluble vitamins are absorbed? Ans: They're incorporated
into chylomicrons
chylomicrons purpose in absorption Ans: transport fats and fat soluble vitamins out of
the absorptive cells
How do vitamins leave the absorptive cells Ans: via lymph cells
How are water soluble vitamins transported? Ans: transport system (energy needed)
or they bind to a specific molecule in our fluids
Where do water soluble vitamins go once absorbed into the absorptive cells Ans:
directly into the bloodstream bound to blood proteins for transport to cells.
Where do vitamins (water-soluble & fat-soluble vitamins) in general need to be
transported to Ans: cells
What happens in the large intestine regarding vitamins? Ans: certain vitamins can be
made by the bacteria living there
amount of a nutrients that can be effectively digested, absorbed, and used by the body
Ans: Bioavailability
What is Vitamin bioavailability is influenced by? Ans: Composition of the diet, source
of the nutrient, nutrient status, health of the body, & overall health of the body (in
general)
Diet very low in fat → impaired fat-soluble vitamin absorption
Low concentrations of blood proteins → impaired water-soluble vitamin absorption
Ans: Impaired absorption (examples)
provitamin or vitamin precursor Ans: vitamins are absorbed in an "inactive" form but
transform to the vitamin's "active" form once inside the body
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
