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Exam (elaborations)

Portage learning NURS 231 final exam,

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This Portage Pathophysiology Module 1 Problem Set includes a full collection of graded questions and detailed answers from the first module of the course. It covers foundational concepts in pathophysiology such as cellular adaptation, injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis. Each answer provides clear reasoning to help students understand the physiological mechanisms behind disease processes. Perfect for students enrolled in Portage Learning’s Pathophysiology course who are preparing for quizzes, exams, or module reviews.

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Portage Learning Pathophysiology
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Portage Learning Pathophysiology









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Institution
Portage Learning Pathophysiology
Course
Portage Learning Pathophysiology

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Uploaded on
October 25, 2025
Number of pages
6
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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Portage learning NURS 231 final exam
Metaplasticicellsiareinotibetteriprepareditoisurviveiunderistressfulicircumstances.iTrueioriFalse
Exami1i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiFalse



Hypertrophyicanioccuriunderinormaliandipathologicaliconditions.iTrueioriFalse
Exami1i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiTrue



Whichiareitrueiofitheimitochondria?iSelectiallithatiapply
Exami1

1)iItiisiinvolvediinicellularirespiration
2)iTheyiareifoundifarifromitheisiteiofienergyiconsumption
3)iTheyiplayiairoleiiniapoptosis
4)iTheyicontrolifreeiradicalsi-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiItiisiinvolvediinicellularirespiration

Theyiplayiairoleiiniapoptosis

Whichiareitrueiofitheicellimembrane?iSelectiallithatiapply
Exami1

1)iControlsitheitransportiofimaterialsifromitheioutsideifluidsitoiwithin
2i)Theimainistructuralicomponentiisimadeiofiproteins
3)iHelpsiwithitheiconductioniofielectricalicurrentsiininerveiandimuscleicells
4)iAidsiinitheiregulationioficelligrowthiandiproliferationi-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiControlsitheitransportiofimaterialsifromitheioutsideifluidsitoiwithin

Helpsiwithitheiconductioniofielectricalicurrentsiininerveiandimuscleicells
Aidsiinitheiregulationioficelligrowthiandiproliferation

Compareiandicontrastitheitwoitypesiofigangrenousinecrosis
Exami1i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiDryigangreneioccursiwhenibloodisupplyiisislowlyireduceditoianiarea.iTheiareaiisidehydratediandi

becomesidarkioriblackiinicolor.iCommonlyiseeniinipatientsiwithidiabetes.iItiisinotiveryipainful,ibutitissu
esieventuallyidie.i

Wetigangreneiisicausedibyiaisuddenireductioniinibloodiflow.iTheiareaiisicoldiandiswollen,iwithinoipulse.i
Thisicanioccurifromitrauma.iBacteriaiisiinvolvediandiisiveryipainful.iItihasitheiappearanceiofipus,ibecaus
eiitilooksiwet.iThereiisialsoiaifoulismell

Celliproliferationiisitheiprocessiiniwhichiproliferatingicellsibecomeimoreispecializedicellitypes.iTrueiori
False
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiFalseiAnswer:icellidifferentiation



Cellidifferentiationiisitheiprocessiofiincreasingicellinumbersibyimitoticicellidivision.iTrueioriFalse
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiFalse,iAnswer:icelliproliferation

, Whatiareitwoiimportantipropertiesithatistemicellsipossess
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiPotencyiandiself-renewal



Theseiareicellsiofitheisameilineageithatihaveinotiyetidifferentiateditoitheiextentithatitheyihaveilostitheiria
bilityitoidivide
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiprogenitorioriparenticells



isiaisystemicitreatmentithatienablesidrugsitoireachitheisiteiofitheitumoriasiwelliasiotheridistantisites
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiichemotherapy



Theiprofoundiweightilossiandiwastingiofifatianditissueithatiaccompanyicanceriisiknownias
Exami2i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiicancerianorexia-cachexiaisyndrome



Explainitheichallengesiofidiagnosingiautoimmuneidisordersi-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiThereiareiabouti80iautoimmuneidisordersiidentified,iwithimanyioverlappingipresentations.iBloo

ditestsicanibeimoreigenericiandiresultsiareiimprecise.iMarkersicanibeielevatediinitheipresecenceiofiotheri
diseases

TheiTicellsithatidisplayitheihost'siMHCiantigensiandiT-cellireceptorsiforiainonself-
antigeniareialloweditoimature,iaiprocessitermedinegativeiselection
TrueioriFalse
Ezami3i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiFalse



Whichilabivalueiwillitypicallyibeiincreasediiniaiviraliinfection
Exami3
1)iNeutrophils
2)iEosinophils
3)iBasophils
4)iLymphocytesi-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiiiLymphocytes



Ai9-year-
oldiboyiwithiaipeanutiallergyiwasiexposeditoipeanuts.iHeipresentsitoitheiemergencyiroomiwithianianaph
ylacticireaction.i(1)iWhatisymptomsimightiheipresentiwith?
i(2)iDoesitheiquantityiofiexposureimeaniheiwillihaveiaimoreisevereireaction?

i(3)iWhatiisitheiinitialiimmediateitreatment?

i(4)iWhatiarei2ithingsipeopleiwithianaphylaxisishouldialwaysicarry?

Exami3i-i
iiiiiiiii☑️
iiii1)iShortnessiofibreath,iskiniredness/hives,iGIidiscomfortisuchiasicramping,inausea.i

2)iNo
3)iepinephrinei
4)iidentificationiofitheiallergyiandiEpiPen

Ai23-year-oldiAfrican-
Americanimaniwithiaihistoryiofisevereilifelongianemiairequiringimanyitransfusionsihasinonhealingilegi
ulcersiandirecurrentiperiodsiofiabdominaliandichestipain.iTheseisignsiandisymptomsiareimostilikelyitoib
eiassociatediwithiwhichioneiofitheifollowingilaboratoryiabnormalities?

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