Portage Pathophysiology – Module 1 Problem Set with Answers and Explanations

Portage Pathophysiology Module 1 Problem
Set
Whatiisitheidefinitioniofipathophysiology?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iitheistudyiofitheibody'siresponseitoialteredifunctionioridisease



Nameithei5ietiologicifactorsiandigiveianiexamplei-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
ii1.iphysicaliforcei(burns)

2.ichemicaliagentsi(poison)
3.ibioloigcaliagentsi(bacteria)
4.igeneticipredispositioni
5.inutritionaliexcesses/deficiencies

Whatiarei2itypesiofiriskifactors?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iicongenitaliandiacquired



Whatiisitheidifferenceibetweenimophologyiandihistology?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iimorphologyiisitheistructureioficellsioritissuesiwhereasihistologyiisitheistudyioficellsiatitheitissueile

vel

Describeitheidifferenceibetweenisignsiandisymptomsiandigivenianiexampleiofieachi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiAisigniisianiobjecetiveimanifestationi(fever,iedema)iwhereasiaisymptomiisiaisubjectiveicomplain

ti(dizziness,ipain,idifficultyibreathing)

Whatiarei3iimportantiprocessesiwhenicomingitoiaidiagnosis?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
ii1.ipatientihistory

2.iphysicaliexaminiation
3.idiagnosticitesting

Defineiepidemiologyiandisomeithingsithatiititracksi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiTheistudyiofidiseaseioccurenceiinihumanipopulations.iForiexample,itheyimayitrackiage,irae,inutri

tionalihabits,ilifestryle,iand/origeographicilocation

Incidencei-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iitheinumberiofinewicasesiiniaipopulationiatiriskiduringiaispecifieditime



Prevalencei-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iinumberiofipeopleiwithitheidiseaseiiniaipopulationiatiaigivenitime



Validityi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iihowiaitoolimeasuresiwhatiitiisiintendeditoimeasure



Reliabiltyi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iilikelihoodiofitheisameiresultioccuringiwithirepeateditesting



Sensitivityi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiproportioniofipeopleiwithiaidiseaseiwhoitestipositiveiforithatidisease



Specificityi-i

, iiiiiiiiiii ☑️iipeopleiwithoutittheidiseaseiwhoitestinegativeiforithatidisease

Mortalityi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiCauseiofideathiiniaipopulation;ideathirate



Morbidityi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iieffectiofianiillnessionione'silife



PrimaryiPreventioni-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiAttemptsitoielimiateiriskifactorsiiniorderiroipreventidiseaseifromioccuringi(ex:itakingiaimultivita

minitoipreventinutritionalideficiencies)

SecondaryiPreventioni-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiaimsitoidetectianditreatidiseaseiearly,iusuallyiwhileitheidiseaseiisiasymptomaticiandicurablei(ex:ig

oingitoitheidoctoriforianiannualipapismear)

TertiaryiPreventioni-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iioccursiafteriaidiagnosisihasibeenimade,iandiclinicaliinterventioniisineededitoireduceicomplication

siand/
orideteriorationi(ex:iuseiofiprescribedimedicationiafteriaiheartiattackitoireduceitheiriskiofiaifutureieventio
rideath)

Whyiisievidence-basedipracticeiimportant?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiByirelyingionicurrentibest,iscientificievidence,ioneicanimakeitheibestidecisioniregardingiaipatient

sihealthiratherithanisayingi"thisiisitheiwayiitihasialwaysibeenidone"

Whatiarei3iprimaryistructuresiofitheicell?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
ii1.inucleus

2.iplasmaimembrane
3.icytoplasm

Whatiisitheifunctioniofitheicell?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iiItiisitheicommandicenteriofitheicellithaticontainsiherditaryimateriali(DNAiandiRNA)iwhereitheige

nesiencodeiinformationinecessaryiforiproteinisynthesis

Namei3istructuresiwithinitheinucleusi-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
ii1.iMessengeriRNAi(mRNA)

2.iRibosomaliRNAi(rRNA)
3.iTransferiRNAi(tRNA)

Whatiorganellesiareilocatediinitheicytoplasm?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
ii1.iribosomes

2.iER
3.iGolgiicomplex
4.imitochondria
5.ilysosomes

Whatiisitheiroleiofiribosomes?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iithisitheisiteiofiproteinisynthesisiinitheicelli(so,imakeiproteins)



WhatiisitheiroleiofitheiroughiER?i-i
iiiiiiiiiii☑️
iifunctionsitoisynthesizeilysosomalienzymesiandialsoicarriesiribosomes