WGU C785 EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look
like? correct answers >> amino group (NH2 or NH3),
carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable
group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-
polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? correct answers >>
Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar -
end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains
make? correct answers >> ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar,
charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? correct answers >>
Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated
sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused
by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains
combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? correct
answers >> hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or
decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide -
reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
correct answers >> hydrophobic bonds
,how do environmental changes affect protein folding? correct
answers >> Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break
apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? correct answers >>
Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses
function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? correct answers >> Negatively charged
atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: correct answers >> Power derived fro
chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? correct answers >> chemical bond,
atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? correct answers >> bond between
positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? correct answers >> weak bond
between positive and negative
with an amino? correct answers >> piece of amino acid, NH2
or NH3
what is a carboyxl? correct answers >> piece of amino acid,
COO or COOH
,What is hydrophobic? correct answers >> Doesn't like water,
end with CH
what is hydrophilic? correct answers >> Water Lovering, end
with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? correct answers >> strongest bond
between reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? correct answers >> amino with positive
and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide correct answers >> polymer of amino
acids
What is dehydration synthesis? correct answers >> Process
of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? correct answers >> adding water to
destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? correct answers >> twisted
secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? correct answers >> folded second
structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
, what is denaturation? correct answers >> loss of shape duet
o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp,
pH
what is aggregation? correct answers >> clumping of inner
or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to
diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? correct answers >> bind
with substrates to decrease activation energy required and
decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
correct answers >> decrease activation energy and decrease
reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? correct answers
>> enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the
enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product
complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? correct
answers >> High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and
reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose
function
what is a competitive inhibitor? correct answers >> Mimics
substrate and takes its place on the active binding site
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look
like? correct answers >> amino group (NH2 or NH3),
carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable
group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-
polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? correct answers >>
Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar -
end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains
make? correct answers >> ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar,
charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? correct answers >>
Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated
sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused
by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains
combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? correct
answers >> hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or
decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide -
reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
correct answers >> hydrophobic bonds
,how do environmental changes affect protein folding? correct
answers >> Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break
apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? correct answers >>
Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses
function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? correct answers >> Negatively charged
atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: correct answers >> Power derived fro
chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? correct answers >> chemical bond,
atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? correct answers >> bond between
positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? correct answers >> weak bond
between positive and negative
with an amino? correct answers >> piece of amino acid, NH2
or NH3
what is a carboyxl? correct answers >> piece of amino acid,
COO or COOH
,What is hydrophobic? correct answers >> Doesn't like water,
end with CH
what is hydrophilic? correct answers >> Water Lovering, end
with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? correct answers >> strongest bond
between reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? correct answers >> amino with positive
and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide correct answers >> polymer of amino
acids
What is dehydration synthesis? correct answers >> Process
of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? correct answers >> adding water to
destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? correct answers >> twisted
secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? correct answers >> folded second
structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
, what is denaturation? correct answers >> loss of shape duet
o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp,
pH
what is aggregation? correct answers >> clumping of inner
or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to
diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? correct answers >> bind
with substrates to decrease activation energy required and
decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
correct answers >> decrease activation energy and decrease
reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? correct answers
>> enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the
enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product
complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? correct
answers >> High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and
reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose
function
what is a competitive inhibitor? correct answers >> Mimics
substrate and takes its place on the active binding site
