Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
U S N T O
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
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10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that
the problem is result of a deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
REF: p. 16
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
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, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
REF: B B p. B16
12. A Bnurse Bis Bteaching Bthe Bstaff Babout Bthe Bphases Bof Bcellular Bcatabolism. BWhich Bphases
should Bthe Bnurse Binclude?
B
a. Digestion, Bglycolysis, Boxidation, Band Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle
b. Diffusion, Bosmosis, Band Bmediated Btransport
c. S Bphase, BG Bphase, Band BM Bphase
d. Metabolic Babsorption, Brespiration, Band Bexcretion
ANS: B A
Only Bdigestion, Bglycolysis, Boxidation, Band Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle Bare Bthe Bphases Bof Bcellular
Bcatabolism.
REF: B B p. B16
13. A Brunner Bhas Bdepleted Ball Bthe Boxygen Bavailable Bfor Bmuscle Benergy. BWhich Bof Bthe
following Bwill Bfacilitate Bhis Bcontinued Bmuscle Bperformance?
B
a. Electron-transport Bchain
b. Aerobic Bglycolysis
c. Anaerobic Bglycolysis
d. Oxidative Bphosphorylation
ANS: B C
When Bno Boxygen Bis Bavailable, Banaerobic Bglycolysis Boccurs. BThe Belectron-transport Bchain
Bis Bpart Bof Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle. BAerobic Bglycolysis Binvolves Bthe Bpresence Bof Boxygen.
BOxidative Bphosphorylation Bis Bthe Bmechanism Bby Bwhich Bthe Benergy Bproduced Bfrom
Bcarbohydrates, Bfats, Band Bproteins Bis Btransferred Bto BATP. BIt Bis Bnot Bpart Bof Bmuscle
Bperformance.
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REF: B B p.
B16
14. A Bfaculty Bmember Basks Ba Bstudent Bto Bidentify Bthe Bappropriate Bterm Bfor Bthe Bmovement Bof
Ba Bsolute Bfrom Ban Barea Bof Bgreater Bto Blesser Bconcentration. BWhich Banswer Bindicates Bthe
Bnursing Bstudent Bunderstood Bthe Bteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic Bpressure
d. Active Btransport
ANS: B B
Diffusion Bis Bthe Bmovement Bof Ba Bsolute Bmolecule Bfrom Ban Barea Bof Bgreater Bsolute
Bconcentration Bto Ban Barea Bof Blesser Bsolute Bconcentration Bthrough Ba Bpermeable Bmembrane.
BOsmosis Bis Bthe Bmovement Bof Bwater Bacross Ba Bsemipermeable Bmembrane Bfrom Ba Bregion
Bof Bhigher Bwater Bconcentration Bto Bone Bof Blower Bconcentration. BHydrostatic Bpressure Bis
Bthe Bforce Bof Bfluid Bagainst B a Bcell Bmembrane. BIn Bactive Btransport, Bmolecules Bmove Bup Ba
Bconcentration Bgradient.
REF: B B p. B19
15. Which Bdescription Baccurately Bdescribes Belectrolytes?
a. Small Blipid-soluble Bmolecules
b. Large Bprotein Bmolecules
c. Micronutrients Bused Bto Bproduce BATP
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Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
U S N T O
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that
the problem is result of a deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
REF: p. 16
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether Test Bank
REF: B B p. B16
12. A Bnurse Bis Bteaching Bthe Bstaff Babout Bthe Bphases Bof Bcellular Bcatabolism. BWhich Bphases
should Bthe Bnurse Binclude?
B
a. Digestion, Bglycolysis, Boxidation, Band Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle
b. Diffusion, Bosmosis, Band Bmediated Btransport
c. S Bphase, BG Bphase, Band BM Bphase
d. Metabolic Babsorption, Brespiration, Band Bexcretion
ANS: B A
Only Bdigestion, Bglycolysis, Boxidation, Band Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle Bare Bthe Bphases Bof Bcellular
Bcatabolism.
REF: B B p. B16
13. A Brunner Bhas Bdepleted Ball Bthe Boxygen Bavailable Bfor Bmuscle Benergy. BWhich Bof Bthe
following Bwill Bfacilitate Bhis Bcontinued Bmuscle Bperformance?
B
a. Electron-transport Bchain
b. Aerobic Bglycolysis
c. Anaerobic Bglycolysis
d. Oxidative Bphosphorylation
ANS: B C
When Bno Boxygen Bis Bavailable, Banaerobic Bglycolysis Boccurs. BThe Belectron-transport Bchain
Bis Bpart Bof Bthe Bcitric Bacid Bcycle. BAerobic Bglycolysis Binvolves Bthe Bpresence Bof Boxygen.
BOxidative Bphosphorylation Bis Bthe Bmechanism Bby Bwhich Bthe Benergy Bproduced Bfrom
Bcarbohydrates, Bfats, Band Bproteins Bis Btransferred Bto BATP. BIt Bis Bnot Bpart Bof Bmuscle
Bperformance.
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REF: B B p.
B16
14. A Bfaculty Bmember Basks Ba Bstudent Bto Bidentify Bthe Bappropriate Bterm Bfor Bthe Bmovement Bof
Ba Bsolute Bfrom Ban Barea Bof Bgreater Bto Blesser Bconcentration. BWhich Banswer Bindicates Bthe
Bnursing Bstudent Bunderstood Bthe Bteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic Bpressure
d. Active Btransport
ANS: B B
Diffusion Bis Bthe Bmovement Bof Ba Bsolute Bmolecule Bfrom Ban Barea Bof Bgreater Bsolute
Bconcentration Bto Ban Barea Bof Blesser Bsolute Bconcentration Bthrough Ba Bpermeable Bmembrane.
BOsmosis Bis Bthe Bmovement Bof Bwater Bacross Ba Bsemipermeable Bmembrane Bfrom Ba Bregion
Bof Bhigher Bwater Bconcentration Bto Bone Bof Blower Bconcentration. BHydrostatic Bpressure Bis
Bthe Bforce Bof Bfluid Bagainst B a Bcell Bmembrane. BIn Bactive Btransport, Bmolecules Bmove Bup Ba
Bconcentration Bgradient.
REF: B B p. B19
15. Which Bdescription Baccurately Bdescribes Belectrolytes?
a. Small Blipid-soluble Bmolecules
b. Large Bprotein Bmolecules
c. Micronutrients Bused Bto Bproduce BATP
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