KNS 350 Chapter 2 Question and
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in a
population
Risk Factor - correct answer ✔a characteristic increases the probability of disease in a group of
individuals who have the characteristic compared with a group that does not have characteristics
John Snow - correct answer ✔discovered the source of the cholera outbreak in Soho London was
spread through the water sources, a certain well.
his investigation exemplified epidemiology's 3 distinct goals
1. to describe the distribution of disease
2. to analyze this descriptive info to identify risks factors that are associated with an increased
probability of disease occurrence
3. to prevent disease occurrence by modifying the identified risk factors
Physical Activity Epidemiology - correct answer ✔The study of the relationship between physical
activity and health and probability of disease
Incident Cases - correct answer ✔the new occurrences of these events in the study population during
period of interested
- provide a measure of the rate at which people without disease develop diseases over a specified time
interval
Prevalent Cases - correct answer ✔represent the number of persons in the population who have a
particular disease or condition at some specific point in time
Prevalence of a disease= a function of both incidence and duration
, - calculated as the number of prevalent cases divided by the size of the population at a particular time
- indicate how many people have a particular disease or engage in a behavior at a particular time
Rate - correct answer ✔number of cases over average population size
Cumulative Incidence Rates - correct answer ✔number of incidences over a define time period divided
by the population at risk over that time period
Actual Incidence Rates - correct answer ✔cases divided by person-years of risk.
Crude Rates - correct answer ✔rates that are based on total population without consideration of any of
the population characteristics; distribution of age, sex, and ethnicity
Specific Rates - correct answer ✔rates calculated separately for population subgroups; age-specific
rates, sex-specific rates, ethnicity
Standardized Rates - correct answer ✔rates that are crude rates that have been standardized
(adjusted) for some population characteristic; age or sex; to allow for valid comparisons of rates among
populations where distribution may be different
Research Design - correct answer ✔- the way that participants are grouped and compared according to
behavior or attributes, the health-related events being studied, time, and factors other than PA or
fitness that could explain the occurrence of event
- makes sure that comparisons of groups on PA/fitness are not biased by other factors
- passage of time is needed between the change in IV and the subsequent change of DV
Independent Variable (IV) - correct answer ✔-the manipulated variable or fluctuating variable, such as
PA.
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in a
population
Risk Factor - correct answer ✔a characteristic increases the probability of disease in a group of
individuals who have the characteristic compared with a group that does not have characteristics
John Snow - correct answer ✔discovered the source of the cholera outbreak in Soho London was
spread through the water sources, a certain well.
his investigation exemplified epidemiology's 3 distinct goals
1. to describe the distribution of disease
2. to analyze this descriptive info to identify risks factors that are associated with an increased
probability of disease occurrence
3. to prevent disease occurrence by modifying the identified risk factors
Physical Activity Epidemiology - correct answer ✔The study of the relationship between physical
activity and health and probability of disease
Incident Cases - correct answer ✔the new occurrences of these events in the study population during
period of interested
- provide a measure of the rate at which people without disease develop diseases over a specified time
interval
Prevalent Cases - correct answer ✔represent the number of persons in the population who have a
particular disease or condition at some specific point in time
Prevalence of a disease= a function of both incidence and duration
, - calculated as the number of prevalent cases divided by the size of the population at a particular time
- indicate how many people have a particular disease or engage in a behavior at a particular time
Rate - correct answer ✔number of cases over average population size
Cumulative Incidence Rates - correct answer ✔number of incidences over a define time period divided
by the population at risk over that time period
Actual Incidence Rates - correct answer ✔cases divided by person-years of risk.
Crude Rates - correct answer ✔rates that are based on total population without consideration of any of
the population characteristics; distribution of age, sex, and ethnicity
Specific Rates - correct answer ✔rates calculated separately for population subgroups; age-specific
rates, sex-specific rates, ethnicity
Standardized Rates - correct answer ✔rates that are crude rates that have been standardized
(adjusted) for some population characteristic; age or sex; to allow for valid comparisons of rates among
populations where distribution may be different
Research Design - correct answer ✔- the way that participants are grouped and compared according to
behavior or attributes, the health-related events being studied, time, and factors other than PA or
fitness that could explain the occurrence of event
- makes sure that comparisons of groups on PA/fitness are not biased by other factors
- passage of time is needed between the change in IV and the subsequent change of DV
Independent Variable (IV) - correct answer ✔-the manipulated variable or fluctuating variable, such as
PA.
