BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Animals - ANS Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - ANS Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - ANS Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - ANS Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - ANS Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
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,Zygote - ANS Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - ANS Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - ANS Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - ANS Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - ANS Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - ANS Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - ANS Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - ANS All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - ANS Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - ANS Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis
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, Juvenile - ANS Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - ANS 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of
many animal major groups
Hox Genes - ANS Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an
arm)
Protosome - ANS Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - ANS Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - ANS Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - ANS Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - ANS Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the
body of the sponge
Spicules - ANS Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - ANS Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
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QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Animals - ANS Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - ANS Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - ANS Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - ANS Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - ANS Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Zygote - ANS Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - ANS Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - ANS Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - ANS Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - ANS Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - ANS Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - ANS Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - ANS All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - ANS Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - ANS Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Juvenile - ANS Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - ANS 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of
many animal major groups
Hox Genes - ANS Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an
arm)
Protosome - ANS Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - ANS Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - ANS Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - ANS Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - ANS Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the
body of the sponge
Spicules - ANS Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - ANS Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
