AC-HPAT Chemistry EXAM Questions AND Correct Answers
acid-base reactions - ✔✔acid-base reactions are characterized by acids, which
dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bases, which
form hydroxide (OH−) ions. Acids are defined as a compound or element that
releases hydrogen (H+) ions into the solution (mainly water)
Additional Reactions - ✔✔Addition reactions occur when an atom is added to a
compound that has a double or triple bond. Unsaturated compounds are
associated with addition reactions. ... Atoms can also be added to molecules in
an addition reaction. However, atoms or molecules will never be eliminated or
removed during this process.
Alcohol - ✔✔alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl
functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. ... An important class
of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members, includes
all compounds for which the general formula is CnH2n+1OH.
Aldehyde - ✔✔aldehyde is a compound containing a functional group with the
structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to
oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group,
which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
Alkane - ✔✔an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other
meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane
consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all
the carbon-carbon bonds are single.
Alkenes - ✔✔Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing only carbon
and hydrogen) unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon
, double bond. Another term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are
more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double bond
Alkyne - ✔✔An alkyne is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon
atoms. They have general formula CnH2n-2. They are also called acetylenes. The
smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne. Alkynes are hydrophobic: this
means they dissolve well in organic solvents but not in water.
Amines - ✔✔Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl
group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in
which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be
called alkylarylamines).
Ammonia - ✔✔Ammonia is industrially prepared by the Haber process, a
chemical method that uses nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to synthesize
ammonia. One nitrogen gas molecule reacts with three hydrogen gas molecules
over finely divided iron as a catalyst to produce two ammonia molecules.
Anode vs Cathode - ✔✔The anode of a device is the terminal where current
flows in from outside. The cathode of a device is the terminal where current
flows out. ... By current we mean the positive conventional current. Since
electrons are negatively charged, positive current flowing in is the same as
electrons flowing out.
aspirin - ✔✔Aspirin can be made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid in the
presence of an acid catalyst. The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an
ester with the carboxyl group on the acetic acid. However, this reaction is slow
and has a relatively low yield
acid-base reactions - ✔✔acid-base reactions are characterized by acids, which
dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bases, which
form hydroxide (OH−) ions. Acids are defined as a compound or element that
releases hydrogen (H+) ions into the solution (mainly water)
Additional Reactions - ✔✔Addition reactions occur when an atom is added to a
compound that has a double or triple bond. Unsaturated compounds are
associated with addition reactions. ... Atoms can also be added to molecules in
an addition reaction. However, atoms or molecules will never be eliminated or
removed during this process.
Alcohol - ✔✔alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl
functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. ... An important class
of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members, includes
all compounds for which the general formula is CnH2n+1OH.
Aldehyde - ✔✔aldehyde is a compound containing a functional group with the
structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to
oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group,
which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
Alkane - ✔✔an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other
meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane
consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all
the carbon-carbon bonds are single.
Alkenes - ✔✔Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing only carbon
and hydrogen) unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon
, double bond. Another term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are
more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double bond
Alkyne - ✔✔An alkyne is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon
atoms. They have general formula CnH2n-2. They are also called acetylenes. The
smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne. Alkynes are hydrophobic: this
means they dissolve well in organic solvents but not in water.
Amines - ✔✔Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl
group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in
which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be
called alkylarylamines).
Ammonia - ✔✔Ammonia is industrially prepared by the Haber process, a
chemical method that uses nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to synthesize
ammonia. One nitrogen gas molecule reacts with three hydrogen gas molecules
over finely divided iron as a catalyst to produce two ammonia molecules.
Anode vs Cathode - ✔✔The anode of a device is the terminal where current
flows in from outside. The cathode of a device is the terminal where current
flows out. ... By current we mean the positive conventional current. Since
electrons are negatively charged, positive current flowing in is the same as
electrons flowing out.
aspirin - ✔✔Aspirin can be made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid in the
presence of an acid catalyst. The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an
ester with the carboxyl group on the acetic acid. However, this reaction is slow
and has a relatively low yield
