Intercultural Communication Test Prep Questions
& Answers Solved 100% Correct.
Five Rule Systems of Language
Phonology- combining basic units of sound, or phonemes. Ex: Sink vs Think
Morphology- combining phonemes to form the smallest units of souns, or morphemes. Ex:
Comfort-able; Study-ed; Communicate-ion; Inter-culture-al
Semantics- the meanings of words
Denotative- dictionary-based meanings
Connotative- individually-based meanings
Synactics- relationship of words to one another; sequence of words. Ex: "John has, to the store to
buy some eggs, gone" -German
Pragmatics- how language is actually used and the effect that language has on human perceptions
and behaviors; how we use our language in communication
Distinguishing between translation and interpretation
Translation- the use of verbal signs of one language to understand the verbal signs of another
language. It is usually written so the translator has more time to consider
,Interpretation- the oral process of moving from one code to another. Interpretators must make
immediate decisions about the word or phrase to present the meaning of the speaker.
Translation Equivalence
describes the process od trying to translate and represent a source language as closely as
possible.
Types of Equivalence
Vocabulary- finding one word in the target language that has the same meaning in the source
language. Ex: Efficiency in Russian
Idiomatic- expressions that have a meaning contrary to the usual meanings of the words. Ex:
Raining cats and dogs
Grammatical-syntactical- transferring the grammatical rule system of one language to another.
Ex: tense
Experiential- words that have meaning witin experiential framework of the receiver. Ex: Hmong,
cereal
Conceptual- how different cultures define reality. Ex: Definition of smoker/smoking
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Firmer- language functions like a prison, meaning that once people learn a languag they are
irrevocably affected by its particulars
, Softer- language shapes how people think and experience their world, but that this influence is
not unceasing
Four Verbal Communication Styles
...
Direct-Indirect
Cultures differ in the degree to which speakers disclose their intentions through precise and
candid verbal communication.
In using a DIRECT STYLE, interactants clearly articulate their desires and needs. This style is
often used in low context and individualistic cultures.
INDIRECT STYLE is often used in high context and collectivistic cultures. Speakers' intention
is often hidden or hinted during interaction. The use of ambiguity and vagueness is
characteristics of an indirect style because understanding can be inferred from the actions in the
environment that explicit messages are not necessary.
Elaborate-Succinct
Cultures differ by their preference on quantity or volume of talk. The elaborate-succinct
communication style correspond with high- and low-context culture dimension. In high-context
cultures, less verbal communication is needed as people rely on the environment to infer
meaning. Whereas in low-context cultures, meaning are transmitted mainly through verbal
communication.
& Answers Solved 100% Correct.
Five Rule Systems of Language
Phonology- combining basic units of sound, or phonemes. Ex: Sink vs Think
Morphology- combining phonemes to form the smallest units of souns, or morphemes. Ex:
Comfort-able; Study-ed; Communicate-ion; Inter-culture-al
Semantics- the meanings of words
Denotative- dictionary-based meanings
Connotative- individually-based meanings
Synactics- relationship of words to one another; sequence of words. Ex: "John has, to the store to
buy some eggs, gone" -German
Pragmatics- how language is actually used and the effect that language has on human perceptions
and behaviors; how we use our language in communication
Distinguishing between translation and interpretation
Translation- the use of verbal signs of one language to understand the verbal signs of another
language. It is usually written so the translator has more time to consider
,Interpretation- the oral process of moving from one code to another. Interpretators must make
immediate decisions about the word or phrase to present the meaning of the speaker.
Translation Equivalence
describes the process od trying to translate and represent a source language as closely as
possible.
Types of Equivalence
Vocabulary- finding one word in the target language that has the same meaning in the source
language. Ex: Efficiency in Russian
Idiomatic- expressions that have a meaning contrary to the usual meanings of the words. Ex:
Raining cats and dogs
Grammatical-syntactical- transferring the grammatical rule system of one language to another.
Ex: tense
Experiential- words that have meaning witin experiential framework of the receiver. Ex: Hmong,
cereal
Conceptual- how different cultures define reality. Ex: Definition of smoker/smoking
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Firmer- language functions like a prison, meaning that once people learn a languag they are
irrevocably affected by its particulars
, Softer- language shapes how people think and experience their world, but that this influence is
not unceasing
Four Verbal Communication Styles
...
Direct-Indirect
Cultures differ in the degree to which speakers disclose their intentions through precise and
candid verbal communication.
In using a DIRECT STYLE, interactants clearly articulate their desires and needs. This style is
often used in low context and individualistic cultures.
INDIRECT STYLE is often used in high context and collectivistic cultures. Speakers' intention
is often hidden or hinted during interaction. The use of ambiguity and vagueness is
characteristics of an indirect style because understanding can be inferred from the actions in the
environment that explicit messages are not necessary.
Elaborate-Succinct
Cultures differ by their preference on quantity or volume of talk. The elaborate-succinct
communication style correspond with high- and low-context culture dimension. In high-context
cultures, less verbal communication is needed as people rely on the environment to infer
meaning. Whereas in low-context cultures, meaning are transmitted mainly through verbal
communication.
