FRSC 1011H EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
Name 3 examples of trace evidence carriers - Answers - Clothing
- Vacuum Sweepings
- Fingernail Scrapings
In the USA, under what 4 cases is search and seizure w/o a warrant justified? - Answers -
Emergency
- Need to prevent loss/destruction of evidence
- Consented by parties involved
- When in contingence with a lawful arrest
How could evidence be altered during handling and processing? - Answers - Contamination
- Breakage
- Evaporation
- Accidental scratching or bending
- Improper or careless packaging
What does section 8 of the Charter protect us from? - Answers Unreasonable search and
seizure
State at least 5 types of physical evidence - Answers Biological fluids, documents, drugs,
explosives, fibers, FPs, weaponry, ammo, paint, etc.
What is chain of custody? What does it include and why is it so important? - Answers A list of all
persons who came into possession of an item of evidence
Location at all times and every person who handled it
Allows evidence to be established as an exhibit
What is a standard/reference sample and why is it important? - Answers Physical evidence
whose origin is known
Many pieces of evidence needs comparison to be corroborated
What was Valentin Ross's 1806 contribution? - Answers Precise method of detecting small
amounts of arsenic in a victim's stomach
Who is the father of forensic toxicology? - Answers Mathieu Orfila
,What conclusion regarding admissibility came from Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals? -
Answers General acceptance is not the absolute standard
How can contamination be prevented? - Answers - Latex gloves/Nitrile Gloves
- Disposable forceps
- Sanitized equipment
- Kept in OG condition
Each item must be placed in _____________ containers - Answers Separate
To avoid contamination
What does a crime scene tool kit include? Name 5. - Answers - Notebook with pens and pencils
- Rulers
- Chalk/Crayons
- Scalpels/Razor blades
- Swabs/Sterile Cloth
- Evidence containers
- FP materials
- Vacuum and filters
What container would hair, glass, or fibre go in? What about most trace evidence? - Answers
Hairs, glass, fibres go in unbreakable plastic pill bottles with pressure lids
Most trace evidence goes in manila envelopes, screw-cap glass vials, or cardboard pillboxes.
NO ORDINARY ENVELOPES
What is illumination and how is it measured/adjusted? - Answers Light falling on an object
Measured by light meters
Amount of light present, flash units, reflectors, filters, tripods, and angles for direct/oblique
lighting
Who wrote Finger Prints in 1892? What was it about? - Answers Englishman Francis Henry
Galton
, Outlined means of classifying and filing FPs and is the basis of current day systems
Proved statistical FP uniqueness
Name and explain 2 types of filters - Answers Barrier filters block one wavelength of light,
making that colour lighter
Bypass filters allow only a small range of wavelengths of light and blocking the others
_____________ ________________ is the length of time film/chip is exposed to light, measured as
________________ - Answers Shutter Speed
Fraction of a second by factors of 1/2 (1/2, 1/4, 1/8)
What 2 things does forensic investigation require? - Answers 1. Development of
principles/techniques to identify/compare physical evidence
2. Compare principles in a manner that can be practically applied to criminal justice
What was Hans Gross/s book and what was it about? - Answers Criminal Investigation (1893)
Discusses how microscopy, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, zoology, botany, anthropometry,
and FPing could be used to assist FRSC investigators
What 4 things should be done by 1st-responding officers upon arrival to a scene - Answers 1.
Acquire medical assistance if necessary and ensuring they taken an indirect route
2. Detain any potential suspects/witnesses to collect statements
3. Secure scene w/ a boundary and limited access
4. Call for help if needed (varies)
What is blood grouping and who discovered it in 1901? - Answers Blood types (A, B, AB, O)
Dr. Karl Landsteiner
Dr. Leon Lattes determined method for blood typing from dried bloodstains
What did Orfila publish in 1814 - Answers A treatise on the detection of poisons and their
effects on animals
What does Edmond Locard a large contributor to? - Answers The creation of several crime labs
Name 3 examples of trace evidence carriers - Answers - Clothing
- Vacuum Sweepings
- Fingernail Scrapings
In the USA, under what 4 cases is search and seizure w/o a warrant justified? - Answers -
Emergency
- Need to prevent loss/destruction of evidence
- Consented by parties involved
- When in contingence with a lawful arrest
How could evidence be altered during handling and processing? - Answers - Contamination
- Breakage
- Evaporation
- Accidental scratching or bending
- Improper or careless packaging
What does section 8 of the Charter protect us from? - Answers Unreasonable search and
seizure
State at least 5 types of physical evidence - Answers Biological fluids, documents, drugs,
explosives, fibers, FPs, weaponry, ammo, paint, etc.
What is chain of custody? What does it include and why is it so important? - Answers A list of all
persons who came into possession of an item of evidence
Location at all times and every person who handled it
Allows evidence to be established as an exhibit
What is a standard/reference sample and why is it important? - Answers Physical evidence
whose origin is known
Many pieces of evidence needs comparison to be corroborated
What was Valentin Ross's 1806 contribution? - Answers Precise method of detecting small
amounts of arsenic in a victim's stomach
Who is the father of forensic toxicology? - Answers Mathieu Orfila
,What conclusion regarding admissibility came from Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals? -
Answers General acceptance is not the absolute standard
How can contamination be prevented? - Answers - Latex gloves/Nitrile Gloves
- Disposable forceps
- Sanitized equipment
- Kept in OG condition
Each item must be placed in _____________ containers - Answers Separate
To avoid contamination
What does a crime scene tool kit include? Name 5. - Answers - Notebook with pens and pencils
- Rulers
- Chalk/Crayons
- Scalpels/Razor blades
- Swabs/Sterile Cloth
- Evidence containers
- FP materials
- Vacuum and filters
What container would hair, glass, or fibre go in? What about most trace evidence? - Answers
Hairs, glass, fibres go in unbreakable plastic pill bottles with pressure lids
Most trace evidence goes in manila envelopes, screw-cap glass vials, or cardboard pillboxes.
NO ORDINARY ENVELOPES
What is illumination and how is it measured/adjusted? - Answers Light falling on an object
Measured by light meters
Amount of light present, flash units, reflectors, filters, tripods, and angles for direct/oblique
lighting
Who wrote Finger Prints in 1892? What was it about? - Answers Englishman Francis Henry
Galton
, Outlined means of classifying and filing FPs and is the basis of current day systems
Proved statistical FP uniqueness
Name and explain 2 types of filters - Answers Barrier filters block one wavelength of light,
making that colour lighter
Bypass filters allow only a small range of wavelengths of light and blocking the others
_____________ ________________ is the length of time film/chip is exposed to light, measured as
________________ - Answers Shutter Speed
Fraction of a second by factors of 1/2 (1/2, 1/4, 1/8)
What 2 things does forensic investigation require? - Answers 1. Development of
principles/techniques to identify/compare physical evidence
2. Compare principles in a manner that can be practically applied to criminal justice
What was Hans Gross/s book and what was it about? - Answers Criminal Investigation (1893)
Discusses how microscopy, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, zoology, botany, anthropometry,
and FPing could be used to assist FRSC investigators
What 4 things should be done by 1st-responding officers upon arrival to a scene - Answers 1.
Acquire medical assistance if necessary and ensuring they taken an indirect route
2. Detain any potential suspects/witnesses to collect statements
3. Secure scene w/ a boundary and limited access
4. Call for help if needed (varies)
What is blood grouping and who discovered it in 1901? - Answers Blood types (A, B, AB, O)
Dr. Karl Landsteiner
Dr. Leon Lattes determined method for blood typing from dried bloodstains
What did Orfila publish in 1814 - Answers A treatise on the detection of poisons and their
effects on animals
What does Edmond Locard a large contributor to? - Answers The creation of several crime labs
