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, Question 1
What valvular lesion is associated with early closure of the mitral valve? ( CORRECT
ANSWER ) - Aortic Insufficiency
Question 2
What parameters are used to assess the severity of pulmonic valve stenosis? ( CORRECT
ANSWER ) - Peak Velocity and Peak Gradient
Question 3
MILD. peak velocity <3 m/s. peak gradient <36 mmHg. right ventricular systolic pressure
25-49 mmHg. ...
MODERATE peak velocity 3-4 m/s. peak gradient 36-64 mmHg. ...
SEVERE. peak velocity >4 m/s. peak gradient >64 mmHg.
Question 4
52 to 72 ( CORRECT ANSWER ) - *What is the normal range for ejection fraction in
males?
Question 5
What is the largest and mostly apically positioned valve in the heart? ( CORRECT
ANSWER ) - tricuspid
Question 6
A 63 year old male has a left ventricular EF of 35%, mitral valve E/A ratio 2.3 and E/e
ratio of 12 and tricuspid peak regurgitant velocity of 2.6 m/s what is the grade of diastolic
dysfunction in this patient? ( CORRECT ANSWER ) - Grade III
(if E/A is > 2 then always grade III)
Question 7
Where is the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve located in the image ( CORRECT
ANSWER ) -
Question 8
Pulse Repetition frequency of the system ( CORRECT ANSWER ) - The Nyquist limit of
pulsed doppler is dependent upon which of the following?
Question 9
which anatomic defects are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot ( CORRECT ANSWER ) -
1. ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2. overriding aorta
3. pulmonary stenosis /anomalous pulmonary veins
4. right ventricular hypertrophy (RV hypertrophy)
Question 10
A follow-up echo is ordered on a patient diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. What
findings would be MOST RELEVANT from the previous study? choose 2 ; ( CORRECT
ANSWER ) - 1. abnormal movements in the walls of the left ventricle.
2. ballooning of the lower part of the left ventricle (apex).