NUR198 Exam 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWER RATED A+
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Risk factors - ANS ✔✔-Strep B (main offender)
-Recent infx of skin or upper resp tract
-Recent travel or other possible exposure to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
-Presence of systemic diseases (Lupus, Goodpasture syndrome)
-Recent surgery or illness
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Patho - ANS ✔✔Immunlogic kidney disorder that can start in the
kidneys (genetic basis and immune-inducing inflammation) or be a result of other health
disorders (lupus, diabetic nephropathy) and results in glomerular injury
-Inflammation to the kidney within the main filtering unit (glomerulus) of the kidneys and toxins
can build up if not filtering
-Part of the nephron (functional unit of the kidney)
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Manifestations - ANS ✔✔-Anorexia
-Nausea
-Dysuria
-Oliguria (low urine output)
-Fatigue
-HTN
-Microscopic hematuria
-Hypervolemia
-JVD
-Difficulty breathing
,-Crackles
-S3 heart sound
-Weight gain
-Hematuria (dark brown or pink urine)
-Edema
-Fatigue
-Azotemia
-Proteinuria (foamy urine)
-Reddish-brown or cola-colored urine
-Older clients likely to have less common manifestations related to circulatory overload, which
can be confused w congestive heart failure
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔-Kidney biopsy
-Urinanlysis shows RBC and protein
-GFR decreased
-Increased BUN/Cr, WBC, and ESR/CRP
-24 hr urine collection
-Cryoglobulins present
-Throat culture
-Titer to test for antibodies
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Interventions - ANS ✔✔-Coordinate care to conserve client energy
-Teach relaxation exercises to decrease stress
-Monitor BP, respiratory status, and fluid + electrolytes
-Give IV fluids
,Acute Glomerulonephritis: Treatment - ANS ✔✔Antibiotics:
Penicillin, erythromycin, or azithromycin is prescribed for glomerulonephritis infx due to strep
infx
Antihypertensives:
To control HTN
Corticosterioids to decrease inflammation
Diuretics to decrease excess fluid
Plasmapheresis to filter out antigen-antibody complexes
Dialysis or kidney transplant for chronic cases
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Education - ANS ✔✔-Complete full course of antibiotics
-Monitor weight daily and report increases to provider
-Adhere to dietary and fluid restrictions
-Perform basic infx control practices, such as hand hygeine
Glomerulus - ANS ✔✔Acts as main filtering unit of nephron
Filters waste & excess fluid
Does not allow passage of molecules body needs (RBC & protein)
Medications that are nephrotoxic - ANS ✔✔NSAIDS
Vancomycin
Gentamicin
Contrast dye (give IV fluids before and after to flush out)
, High doses or long term doses of aspirin and ibuprofen
ESRD - ANS ✔✔End stage renal disease
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Risk factors - ANS ✔✔-Acute kidney injury
-Diabetes mellitus
-Chronic glomerulonephritis
-Nephrotoxic medications
-HTN
-Autoimmune (lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome)
-Polycystic kidney disease
-Pyelonephrosis
-Renal artery stenosis
-Recurrent AKI
-Renal toxic meds (NSAIDS, gentamycin, vancomycin)
-Infx
-Polycystic kidney disease
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Patho - ANS ✔✔Patho is not fully understood, but thought to be
caused by prolong acute inflammation that is not organ specific.
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Manifestations - ANS ✔✔Neuro: nausea, fatigue, confusion;
depressive symptoms; tremors, ataxia, seizures
Cardiac: elevated JVP, peripheral edema, HTN ; heart failure; arrythmia's, ECG shows peaked T-
waves, widening QRS
Lungs: uremic breath; shortness of breath; Kussmaul breathing; crackles; pink frothy sputum,
metabolic acidosis
ANSWER RATED A+
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Risk factors - ANS ✔✔-Strep B (main offender)
-Recent infx of skin or upper resp tract
-Recent travel or other possible exposure to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
-Presence of systemic diseases (Lupus, Goodpasture syndrome)
-Recent surgery or illness
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Patho - ANS ✔✔Immunlogic kidney disorder that can start in the
kidneys (genetic basis and immune-inducing inflammation) or be a result of other health
disorders (lupus, diabetic nephropathy) and results in glomerular injury
-Inflammation to the kidney within the main filtering unit (glomerulus) of the kidneys and toxins
can build up if not filtering
-Part of the nephron (functional unit of the kidney)
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Manifestations - ANS ✔✔-Anorexia
-Nausea
-Dysuria
-Oliguria (low urine output)
-Fatigue
-HTN
-Microscopic hematuria
-Hypervolemia
-JVD
-Difficulty breathing
,-Crackles
-S3 heart sound
-Weight gain
-Hematuria (dark brown or pink urine)
-Edema
-Fatigue
-Azotemia
-Proteinuria (foamy urine)
-Reddish-brown or cola-colored urine
-Older clients likely to have less common manifestations related to circulatory overload, which
can be confused w congestive heart failure
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔-Kidney biopsy
-Urinanlysis shows RBC and protein
-GFR decreased
-Increased BUN/Cr, WBC, and ESR/CRP
-24 hr urine collection
-Cryoglobulins present
-Throat culture
-Titer to test for antibodies
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Interventions - ANS ✔✔-Coordinate care to conserve client energy
-Teach relaxation exercises to decrease stress
-Monitor BP, respiratory status, and fluid + electrolytes
-Give IV fluids
,Acute Glomerulonephritis: Treatment - ANS ✔✔Antibiotics:
Penicillin, erythromycin, or azithromycin is prescribed for glomerulonephritis infx due to strep
infx
Antihypertensives:
To control HTN
Corticosterioids to decrease inflammation
Diuretics to decrease excess fluid
Plasmapheresis to filter out antigen-antibody complexes
Dialysis or kidney transplant for chronic cases
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Education - ANS ✔✔-Complete full course of antibiotics
-Monitor weight daily and report increases to provider
-Adhere to dietary and fluid restrictions
-Perform basic infx control practices, such as hand hygeine
Glomerulus - ANS ✔✔Acts as main filtering unit of nephron
Filters waste & excess fluid
Does not allow passage of molecules body needs (RBC & protein)
Medications that are nephrotoxic - ANS ✔✔NSAIDS
Vancomycin
Gentamicin
Contrast dye (give IV fluids before and after to flush out)
, High doses or long term doses of aspirin and ibuprofen
ESRD - ANS ✔✔End stage renal disease
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Risk factors - ANS ✔✔-Acute kidney injury
-Diabetes mellitus
-Chronic glomerulonephritis
-Nephrotoxic medications
-HTN
-Autoimmune (lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome)
-Polycystic kidney disease
-Pyelonephrosis
-Renal artery stenosis
-Recurrent AKI
-Renal toxic meds (NSAIDS, gentamycin, vancomycin)
-Infx
-Polycystic kidney disease
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Patho - ANS ✔✔Patho is not fully understood, but thought to be
caused by prolong acute inflammation that is not organ specific.
Chronic Kidney Disease/ESRD: Manifestations - ANS ✔✔Neuro: nausea, fatigue, confusion;
depressive symptoms; tremors, ataxia, seizures
Cardiac: elevated JVP, peripheral edema, HTN ; heart failure; arrythmia's, ECG shows peaked T-
waves, widening QRS
Lungs: uremic breath; shortness of breath; Kussmaul breathing; crackles; pink frothy sputum,
metabolic acidosis
