NUR198 Exam 2 review notes WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Atelectasis - correct answer ✔✔ collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
Most common is acute atelectasis, which occurs postoperatively.
Symptoms: increasing dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. Tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural
pain and central cyanosis if large area of the lung are affected.
Characterized by increased work of breathing and hypoxemia. Decreased breath sounds and
crackles over the affected . Chest x-ray may suggest a diagnosis of atelectasis before clinical
symptoms appear. Pulse Oximetry may be 89%
Epistaxis - correct answer ✔✔ Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
Medical management: Identify cause and location . Sit upright, pinch soft portion of nose for 5-
10 min. Phenylephrine spray= vasoconstriction. Cauterize with silver nitrate or electrocautery.
Gauze packing or balloon-inflated catheter inserted into nasal cavity for 3-4 days. Antibiotic
therapy, if necessary.
Laryngitis - correct answer ✔✔ Laryngitis, an inflammation of the larynx, can occur as a result of
voice abuse, exposure to dust, chemicals, smoke and other pollutants; or as part of a URI
cancer of the larynx - correct answer ✔✔ disease in which malignant cells form in the tissue of
the larynx; curable if early detection is made
,What is the primary manifestation of laryngeal cancer? - correct answer ✔✔ The patient may
complain of a persistent cough or sore throat and pain and burning in the throat, especially
when consuming hot liquids or citrus juices. A lump may be felt in the neck.
How is laryngeal cancer diagnosed? - correct answer ✔✔ Laryngoscopy with biopsy
X-rays of head, neck and chest
CT scans
MRI
Needle biopsy
Barium Swallow
Remember: the results of a biopsy are the most definitive result to indicate cancer no matter
which the body system.
What are the 3 primary treatment modalities for cancer of the larynx? - correct answer ✔✔
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy.
What are the goals of treatment for cancer of the larynx? - correct answer ✔✔ The goals of
treatment of laryngeal cancer include cure; preservation of safe, effective swallowing;
preservation of useful voice; and avoidance of permanent tracheostoma
Assessment of the patient undergoing laryngectomy.
Potential complications for patients undergoing laryngectomy. - correct answer ✔✔ Health
History, Physical, psychosocial, and spiritual assessment. Nutrition, BMI, albumin, glucose,
electrolytes. Literacy, hearing and vision (may impact communication after surgery). Coping
skills and available support system for patient and family after surgery.
Respiratory distress, hemorrhage, infection, wound breakdown, aspiration, Tracheostoma
stenosis.
, What is a priority education component for a patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy?
(SATA).
1) clarify misconceptions after the patient speak with the provider.
2) Discuss the effect of surgery on speech postoperatively.
3) Begin meal planning.
4) Explain methods for communication postoperatively.
5) Discuss home ventilator use. - correct answer ✔✔ 2) Discuss the effect of surgery on speech
postoperatively.
4) Explain methods for communication postoperatively.
5) Discuss home ventilator use.
Which of the following actions or intervention should the nurse perform prior to a
thoracentesis?
1) Assess the most recent ABG results in the chart.
2) Position client upright leaning - correct answer ✔✔
Rhinitis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose
Sinusitis - correct answer ✔✔ Infection/inflammation of the nasal sinuses
Tonsillitis & Peritonsillar abscess - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the tonsils
Peritonsillar abscess (also called quinsy) is the most common major suppurative complication of
sore throat accounting for roughly 30% of soft tissue head and neck abscesses.
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Atelectasis - correct answer ✔✔ collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
Most common is acute atelectasis, which occurs postoperatively.
Symptoms: increasing dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. Tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural
pain and central cyanosis if large area of the lung are affected.
Characterized by increased work of breathing and hypoxemia. Decreased breath sounds and
crackles over the affected . Chest x-ray may suggest a diagnosis of atelectasis before clinical
symptoms appear. Pulse Oximetry may be 89%
Epistaxis - correct answer ✔✔ Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
Medical management: Identify cause and location . Sit upright, pinch soft portion of nose for 5-
10 min. Phenylephrine spray= vasoconstriction. Cauterize with silver nitrate or electrocautery.
Gauze packing or balloon-inflated catheter inserted into nasal cavity for 3-4 days. Antibiotic
therapy, if necessary.
Laryngitis - correct answer ✔✔ Laryngitis, an inflammation of the larynx, can occur as a result of
voice abuse, exposure to dust, chemicals, smoke and other pollutants; or as part of a URI
cancer of the larynx - correct answer ✔✔ disease in which malignant cells form in the tissue of
the larynx; curable if early detection is made
,What is the primary manifestation of laryngeal cancer? - correct answer ✔✔ The patient may
complain of a persistent cough or sore throat and pain and burning in the throat, especially
when consuming hot liquids or citrus juices. A lump may be felt in the neck.
How is laryngeal cancer diagnosed? - correct answer ✔✔ Laryngoscopy with biopsy
X-rays of head, neck and chest
CT scans
MRI
Needle biopsy
Barium Swallow
Remember: the results of a biopsy are the most definitive result to indicate cancer no matter
which the body system.
What are the 3 primary treatment modalities for cancer of the larynx? - correct answer ✔✔
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy.
What are the goals of treatment for cancer of the larynx? - correct answer ✔✔ The goals of
treatment of laryngeal cancer include cure; preservation of safe, effective swallowing;
preservation of useful voice; and avoidance of permanent tracheostoma
Assessment of the patient undergoing laryngectomy.
Potential complications for patients undergoing laryngectomy. - correct answer ✔✔ Health
History, Physical, psychosocial, and spiritual assessment. Nutrition, BMI, albumin, glucose,
electrolytes. Literacy, hearing and vision (may impact communication after surgery). Coping
skills and available support system for patient and family after surgery.
Respiratory distress, hemorrhage, infection, wound breakdown, aspiration, Tracheostoma
stenosis.
, What is a priority education component for a patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy?
(SATA).
1) clarify misconceptions after the patient speak with the provider.
2) Discuss the effect of surgery on speech postoperatively.
3) Begin meal planning.
4) Explain methods for communication postoperatively.
5) Discuss home ventilator use. - correct answer ✔✔ 2) Discuss the effect of surgery on speech
postoperatively.
4) Explain methods for communication postoperatively.
5) Discuss home ventilator use.
Which of the following actions or intervention should the nurse perform prior to a
thoracentesis?
1) Assess the most recent ABG results in the chart.
2) Position client upright leaning - correct answer ✔✔
Rhinitis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose
Sinusitis - correct answer ✔✔ Infection/inflammation of the nasal sinuses
Tonsillitis & Peritonsillar abscess - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the tonsils
Peritonsillar abscess (also called quinsy) is the most common major suppurative complication of
sore throat accounting for roughly 30% of soft tissue head and neck abscesses.
