NR605 Midterm Exam 2025 –
Advanced Pharmacology for
PMHNP Study Guide & Real
Questions
cognitive-behavioral therapy - ANSWER ✔----focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively
and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through his research on
depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
,CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory - ANSWER ✔----Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT - ANSWER ✔----treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include: - ANSWER ✔----way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self &
the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to psychological
problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plANSWER in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT - ANSWER ✔----using a structured, collaborative approach to
help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
,• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) - ANSWER ✔----helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use disorders in the
1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI - ANSWER ✔----reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles - ANSWER ✔----acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER ✔---represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
, Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS - ANSWER ✔---Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be ANSWERwered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide opportunities for the
client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
• links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
MI Phases of the Change Process - ANSWER ✔----engagement
• establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client
• uses reflections that communicate understanding
-focusing
• identification of the direction or target of the change
• uses open-ended questions
Advanced Pharmacology for
PMHNP Study Guide & Real
Questions
cognitive-behavioral therapy - ANSWER ✔----focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively
and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through his research on
depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
,CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory - ANSWER ✔----Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT - ANSWER ✔----treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include: - ANSWER ✔----way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self &
the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to psychological
problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plANSWER in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT - ANSWER ✔----using a structured, collaborative approach to
help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
,• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) - ANSWER ✔----helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use disorders in the
1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI - ANSWER ✔----reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles - ANSWER ✔----acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER ✔---represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
, Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS - ANSWER ✔---Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be ANSWERwered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide opportunities for the
client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
• links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
MI Phases of the Change Process - ANSWER ✔----engagement
• establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client
• uses reflections that communicate understanding
-focusing
• identification of the direction or target of the change
• uses open-ended questions
