ATR 257 - Exam 4 Questions Answered Correctly Latest 2025-2026
on the field examinations (2 types) - Answers primary and secondary surveys
primary survey - Answers done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
what is examined for primary survey - Answers unconscious, airway obstruction, not breathing,
no circulation, profuse bleeding
secondary survey - Answers helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is the
situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answers APVU (patient is Alert, responds to Verbal
stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding to both verbal or
painful))
determine CAB - Answers circulation, airway, breathing
what should be checked when assessing circulation - Answers assess pulse, carotid pulse at
neck, 6-10 seconds
what should be checked when assessing airway - Answers open the airway, modified jaw thrust,
life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
what should be checked when assessing breathing - Answers look to see if chest rises, listen
for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answers internal and external bleeding, signs of
shock
internal bleeding - Answers difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling, may be
undetectable
external bleeding - Answers major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
assessing shock - Answers several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen, widespread
tissue death)
signs of shock - Answers cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration rate,
decreased blood pressure
life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the need - Answers
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator (AED)
, what determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answers major bleeding, loss of distal pulse, loss
of distal sensation
what is examined for secondary survey - Answers vital signs, other 'emergency' signs, head-to-
toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answers pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answers 60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answers 12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answers 120/80
assessing pulse - Answers carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse increases
during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answers put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60 seconds,
respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answers use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during activity,
130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answers shock
assessing pupil response - Answers pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light (PERRL),
R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same way to light (dilate
in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answers should be able to smoothly follow an object in all directions
(side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answers should be able to see an object in the same position on
either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answers color should be consistent, red indicated active inflammation
and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
assessing skin temperature - Answers assess with the back of hand, should be consistent with
other parts of body, heat indicated inflammation and cold indicates lack of blood supply
assessing body temperature - Answers assess with a thermometer, normal resting temp is 97.8-
99
when conducting a heat-to-toe evaluation, what should be assessed? - Answers observe for:
blood or other fluid from nose or ears, major bleeding, obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds,
discoloration
on the field examinations (2 types) - Answers primary and secondary surveys
primary survey - Answers done to first identify immediately life-threatening situations
what is examined for primary survey - Answers unconscious, airway obstruction, not breathing,
no circulation, profuse bleeding
secondary survey - Answers helps establish the nature of the injury in more detail, is the
situation potentially life-threatening
determine level of consciousness (LOC) - Answers APVU (patient is Alert, responds to Verbal
stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus, patient is unresponsive (not responding to both verbal or
painful))
determine CAB - Answers circulation, airway, breathing
what should be checked when assessing circulation - Answers assess pulse, carotid pulse at
neck, 6-10 seconds
what should be checked when assessing airway - Answers open the airway, modified jaw thrust,
life lower jaw while keeping the neck still
what should be checked when assessing breathing - Answers look to see if chest rises, listen
for breathing in & out, feel for breath on your cheek, 6-10 seconds
determine presence of bleeding or shock - Answers internal and external bleeding, signs of
shock
internal bleeding - Answers difficult to establish with naked eye, may look like swelling, may be
undetectable
external bleeding - Answers major bleeding from chest, abdomen & extremities
assessing shock - Answers several different types of shock (primarily concerned with
hypovolemic shock), less blood is available to the tissues (cells deprived of oxygen, widespread
tissue death)
signs of shock - Answers cool/clammy skin, weak/rapid pulse, increased respiration rate,
decreased blood pressure
life-threatening emergencies may require ____ or _____ if LOC & CAB indicate the need - Answers
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or automated external defibrillator (AED)
, what determines limb-threatening injuries? - Answers major bleeding, loss of distal pulse, loss
of distal sensation
what is examined for secondary survey - Answers vital signs, other 'emergency' signs, head-to-
toe evaluation, SAMPLE history
assessing vital signs includes: - Answers pulse, blood pressure, respiration
normal resting rate for pulse - Answers 60-100 bpm
normal resting rate for respiration - Answers 12-14 per minute
normal resting BP - Answers 120/80
assessing pulse - Answers carotid, rate is 30-60 seconds, don't use thumb, pulse increases
during activity, well-conditioned athletes may have lower resting pulses, also distal to the injury
assessing respiration - Answers put hand on back to feel chest rise & fall, rate is 30-60 seconds,
respirations increase during activity
assessing BP - Answers use blood pressure cuff on right arm, BP increases during activity,
130/90 is typical cutoff for high blood pressure (either number can be regulated)
elevated pulse rate, respiration rate, and low blood pressure is concern for? - Answers shock
assessing pupil response - Answers pupils should be equal, round, and reactive to light (PERRL),
R & L pupils should be round, the same size, and should respond in the same way to light (dilate
in darkness, constrict in light)
assessing eye movement - Answers should be able to smoothly follow an object in all directions
(side to side, up and down, and diagonal) with both eyes
assessing peripheral vision - Answers should be able to see an object in the same position on
either side of the body without moving head or eyes
assessing skin color - Answers color should be consistent, red indicated active inflammation
and blue & white both indicate lack of blood supply
assessing skin temperature - Answers assess with the back of hand, should be consistent with
other parts of body, heat indicated inflammation and cold indicates lack of blood supply
assessing body temperature - Answers assess with a thermometer, normal resting temp is 97.8-
99
when conducting a heat-to-toe evaluation, what should be assessed? - Answers observe for:
blood or other fluid from nose or ears, major bleeding, obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds,
discoloration
