10/21/25, 12:14 AM
NCLEX Breast Cancer (exam 2) NEWEST VERSION |
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS
\2025-2026
-Heredity or genetically related susceptibility
-Hormonal regulation of the breast--> related to the
What are some causes of development of breast cancer
breast cancer? -Sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) may act as tumor
promoters
-Being a woman (women @ higher risk than men)
-Age: Women under 25 are at low risk; Risk increases gradually
until the age of 60; Risk increases dramatically after 60
-Early menarche & late menopause increase risk (more estrogen
for longer period of time)
-Full term pregnancy after age 30 increases risk
-Oral contraceptive use increase risk (increases estrogen)
What are risk factors for -Nuliparity (not having kids)
breast cancer? -HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
-Not breastfeeding increases risk
-Right after a woman has a child, her risk is increased
-Teenage pregnancy gives you 1/2 the risk!
-Having a lot of children lowers the risk
Various types (histologic characteristics and growth patterns):
-Epithelial lining of ducts
-Epithelium of the lobules
Patho of breast cancer: -Carcinoma in situ (within the duct)
-Invasive carcinoma (arising from the duct and invading through
the wall of the duct)
-Metastatic (spreads from bone, liver, lung, brain)
-The cancer growth can be slow or fast, depending on the type
-Tumor size
-Axillary node involvement
-Tumor differentiation
-Endocrine receptors: Estrogen and progesterone
Factors that affect prognosis:
receptor status (does the cancer grow in response to
these hormones?)
-HER-2 status (protein--does the cancer make too much of this?)
/ 1/1
1
, 10/21/25, 12:14 AM
-Triple negative: not positive for receptors
-Triple positive: positive for all
Triple negative: breast cancer cells tested negative for estrogen
receptors (ER-),
progesterone receptors (PR-), and HER2 (HER2-). This
What does "triple negative" means that the growth of the cancer is not supported by
and "triple positive" mean? the hormones estrogen and progesterone, nor by the
presence of too many HER2 receptors. This means
hormonal treatment won't work.
Triple positive: positive for estrogen receptors,
progesterone receptors, and HER2. Hormonal
treatment has a greater likelihood of working on this
type.
-Receptor- negative tumors-->Poorly differentiated histologically
-Have a high incidence of aneuploidy (abnormally high or low
Negative tumors info: DNA content)
-High proliferative indices
-Frequently recur
-Usually unresponsive to hormonal therapy
-The inner lower corner=6%
-The inner upper corner=15%
Where does breast cancer
-The outer lower corner=11%
occur in the breast? (%) -The outer upper corner (near armpit)=50%
-The nipple=18%
-Most often in the upper outer quadrant
-Hard
-Irregularly shaped
Info about lumps:
-Poorly delineated
-Non-mobile
-No tender
-A biopsy test for lumps/masses found.
Percutaneous needle biopsy: -Done on an outpatient basis
-Needle goes in and takes sample-->sent to lab
/ 2/1
1
NCLEX Breast Cancer (exam 2) NEWEST VERSION |
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS
\2025-2026
-Heredity or genetically related susceptibility
-Hormonal regulation of the breast--> related to the
What are some causes of development of breast cancer
breast cancer? -Sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) may act as tumor
promoters
-Being a woman (women @ higher risk than men)
-Age: Women under 25 are at low risk; Risk increases gradually
until the age of 60; Risk increases dramatically after 60
-Early menarche & late menopause increase risk (more estrogen
for longer period of time)
-Full term pregnancy after age 30 increases risk
-Oral contraceptive use increase risk (increases estrogen)
What are risk factors for -Nuliparity (not having kids)
breast cancer? -HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
-Not breastfeeding increases risk
-Right after a woman has a child, her risk is increased
-Teenage pregnancy gives you 1/2 the risk!
-Having a lot of children lowers the risk
Various types (histologic characteristics and growth patterns):
-Epithelial lining of ducts
-Epithelium of the lobules
Patho of breast cancer: -Carcinoma in situ (within the duct)
-Invasive carcinoma (arising from the duct and invading through
the wall of the duct)
-Metastatic (spreads from bone, liver, lung, brain)
-The cancer growth can be slow or fast, depending on the type
-Tumor size
-Axillary node involvement
-Tumor differentiation
-Endocrine receptors: Estrogen and progesterone
Factors that affect prognosis:
receptor status (does the cancer grow in response to
these hormones?)
-HER-2 status (protein--does the cancer make too much of this?)
/ 1/1
1
, 10/21/25, 12:14 AM
-Triple negative: not positive for receptors
-Triple positive: positive for all
Triple negative: breast cancer cells tested negative for estrogen
receptors (ER-),
progesterone receptors (PR-), and HER2 (HER2-). This
What does "triple negative" means that the growth of the cancer is not supported by
and "triple positive" mean? the hormones estrogen and progesterone, nor by the
presence of too many HER2 receptors. This means
hormonal treatment won't work.
Triple positive: positive for estrogen receptors,
progesterone receptors, and HER2. Hormonal
treatment has a greater likelihood of working on this
type.
-Receptor- negative tumors-->Poorly differentiated histologically
-Have a high incidence of aneuploidy (abnormally high or low
Negative tumors info: DNA content)
-High proliferative indices
-Frequently recur
-Usually unresponsive to hormonal therapy
-The inner lower corner=6%
-The inner upper corner=15%
Where does breast cancer
-The outer lower corner=11%
occur in the breast? (%) -The outer upper corner (near armpit)=50%
-The nipple=18%
-Most often in the upper outer quadrant
-Hard
-Irregularly shaped
Info about lumps:
-Poorly delineated
-Non-mobile
-No tender
-A biopsy test for lumps/masses found.
Percutaneous needle biopsy: -Done on an outpatient basis
-Needle goes in and takes sample-->sent to lab
/ 2/1
1
