BIEN 350 Quiz 1 Questions and answers rated A+
2025/2026
1. signal quantity that varies with respect to another independent vairbal, i.e., may
be
viewed as a function of that independent variable. , Time signals , space
could be the independent variable, images are spatial signals
2. Continuous- -continuous amplitude analog(most natural signals), also discrete
time signals amplitude
-discrete time x[n] or x[nT], n: integer; continuous amplitude, discrete
amplitude digital(representation of natural signals)
3. JBJ Fourier Every periodic signal can be expressed as a sum of harmonically
related cosine signals
4. Sampling Conversion of CT to DT signals
5. Reconstruction Conversion of DT to CT signals
6. Heart rate
vari- ability 9. Functional Brain connectivity
frequency
analysis
7. Spectral
analysis of
cardiac signals
8. Spectral
analysis of
electrophysio-
logical signals
1/
9
, -low frequency, shifts to populations, structural connection (DTI), neurovascular coupling, functional
sympathetic/fight or flight connections (fMRI)
-high frequency, shifts to
parasympathetic, rest &
digest
-If LF does not increase with
tilt can do prescence of
autonomic dysfunction
most physiological signals
have a 1/f frequency domain
characteristic: spectral
power increases as
frequency descreases
(slower time scales -
hours/days)
-spectral analysis central in
EEG (and MEG) research
-well defined frequency
bands, associated with
specific states/cognitive
tasks
-delta: 0-4Hz (slow wave
sleep, subcortical lesions)
-Theta: 4-8 Hz (drowsiness,
subcortical lesions)
-Alpha: 8-14 Hz (eyes
closed, coma)
-Beta: 14-31 Hz (active
thinking, Parkinson's)
-Gamma: >31 Hz (sensory
processing, short-term
memory), Mu (8-12 Hz)
(motor neurons, autism)
Individual neurons, neural
2/
9
2025/2026
1. signal quantity that varies with respect to another independent vairbal, i.e., may
be
viewed as a function of that independent variable. , Time signals , space
could be the independent variable, images are spatial signals
2. Continuous- -continuous amplitude analog(most natural signals), also discrete
time signals amplitude
-discrete time x[n] or x[nT], n: integer; continuous amplitude, discrete
amplitude digital(representation of natural signals)
3. JBJ Fourier Every periodic signal can be expressed as a sum of harmonically
related cosine signals
4. Sampling Conversion of CT to DT signals
5. Reconstruction Conversion of DT to CT signals
6. Heart rate
vari- ability 9. Functional Brain connectivity
frequency
analysis
7. Spectral
analysis of
cardiac signals
8. Spectral
analysis of
electrophysio-
logical signals
1/
9
, -low frequency, shifts to populations, structural connection (DTI), neurovascular coupling, functional
sympathetic/fight or flight connections (fMRI)
-high frequency, shifts to
parasympathetic, rest &
digest
-If LF does not increase with
tilt can do prescence of
autonomic dysfunction
most physiological signals
have a 1/f frequency domain
characteristic: spectral
power increases as
frequency descreases
(slower time scales -
hours/days)
-spectral analysis central in
EEG (and MEG) research
-well defined frequency
bands, associated with
specific states/cognitive
tasks
-delta: 0-4Hz (slow wave
sleep, subcortical lesions)
-Theta: 4-8 Hz (drowsiness,
subcortical lesions)
-Alpha: 8-14 Hz (eyes
closed, coma)
-Beta: 14-31 Hz (active
thinking, Parkinson's)
-Gamma: >31 Hz (sensory
processing, short-term
memory), Mu (8-12 Hz)
(motor neurons, autism)
Individual neurons, neural
2/
9
