UCI Bio 93 Midterm 2 Exam Study Guide Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ANSWER In the
mitochondrial matrix
What happens in substrate-level phosphorylation? - ANSWER
A substrate gives a phosphate to ADP, making a product and
ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation happen? - ANSWER The
inner mitochondrial membrane
About how many ATP/Glucose is made during
cellular
respiration? - ANSWER
30-32
What is ATP Synthase? - ANSWER An enzyme that
makes ATP
from ADP and inorganic
phosphates.
What is chemiosmosis? - ANSWER energy stored as a
hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive
cellular work.
Establishing the H+ gradient is a major function of what? -
ANSWER The electron transport chain
What 2 processes can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP
without oxygen? - ANSWER Fermentation and anaerobic
,respiration
What is the distinction between fermentation and anaerobic
respiration? - ANSWER Anaerobic respiration uses the electron
transport chain
What is anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER A process of
harvesting chemical energy WITHOUT oxygen.
What, simply, happens in alcohol fermentation? - ANSWER
Pyruvate is converted into ethanol.
What happens in lactic acid fermentation? - ANSWER Pyruvate
is reduced by NADH to form lactate
What is lactate? - ANSWER The ionized form of lactic acid
How much ATP does fermentation yield? - ANSWER 2
What are obligate anaerobes? - ANSWER Organisms that only
carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
What are catabolic pathways? - ANSWER Chemical reactions
that break down complex molecules into energy and smaller
molecules
What are anabolic pathways? - ANSWER When energy is used
to make smaller molecules into a larger molecules
What type of metabolic reaction releases energy? - ANSWER
Catabolic
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER The energy
, in the universe is constant. Cannot be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER Every
energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the
universe.
A spontaneous reaction is a type of reaction that leads to
___________ - ANSWER An increase in entropy
What is a type of reaction that decreases the entropy of the
universe? - ANSWER A non spontaneous reaction
What is enthalpy? - ANSWER The total energy of a biological
system
What is free energy? - ANSWER The usable energy that is able
to perform work
What is the equation to find change in free energy? - ANSWER
If Delta G<1 then it is a _________ reaction -
ANSWER
Exergonic
If Delta G>1, then it is a __________ reaction -
ANSWER
Endergoni
c
What are autotrophs? - ANSWER Organisms that can sustain
themselves without eating other organisms.
Plants are what kind of autotroph? - ANSWER Photoautotrophs
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ANSWER In the
mitochondrial matrix
What happens in substrate-level phosphorylation? - ANSWER
A substrate gives a phosphate to ADP, making a product and
ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation happen? - ANSWER The
inner mitochondrial membrane
About how many ATP/Glucose is made during
cellular
respiration? - ANSWER
30-32
What is ATP Synthase? - ANSWER An enzyme that
makes ATP
from ADP and inorganic
phosphates.
What is chemiosmosis? - ANSWER energy stored as a
hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive
cellular work.
Establishing the H+ gradient is a major function of what? -
ANSWER The electron transport chain
What 2 processes can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP
without oxygen? - ANSWER Fermentation and anaerobic
,respiration
What is the distinction between fermentation and anaerobic
respiration? - ANSWER Anaerobic respiration uses the electron
transport chain
What is anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER A process of
harvesting chemical energy WITHOUT oxygen.
What, simply, happens in alcohol fermentation? - ANSWER
Pyruvate is converted into ethanol.
What happens in lactic acid fermentation? - ANSWER Pyruvate
is reduced by NADH to form lactate
What is lactate? - ANSWER The ionized form of lactic acid
How much ATP does fermentation yield? - ANSWER 2
What are obligate anaerobes? - ANSWER Organisms that only
carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
What are catabolic pathways? - ANSWER Chemical reactions
that break down complex molecules into energy and smaller
molecules
What are anabolic pathways? - ANSWER When energy is used
to make smaller molecules into a larger molecules
What type of metabolic reaction releases energy? - ANSWER
Catabolic
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER The energy
, in the universe is constant. Cannot be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER Every
energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the
universe.
A spontaneous reaction is a type of reaction that leads to
___________ - ANSWER An increase in entropy
What is a type of reaction that decreases the entropy of the
universe? - ANSWER A non spontaneous reaction
What is enthalpy? - ANSWER The total energy of a biological
system
What is free energy? - ANSWER The usable energy that is able
to perform work
What is the equation to find change in free energy? - ANSWER
If Delta G<1 then it is a _________ reaction -
ANSWER
Exergonic
If Delta G>1, then it is a __________ reaction -
ANSWER
Endergoni
c
What are autotrophs? - ANSWER Organisms that can sustain
themselves without eating other organisms.
Plants are what kind of autotroph? - ANSWER Photoautotrophs
