Aquifer - Radiology: – Accurate Answers To All
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Terms in this set (207)
Reconstructions - processing of the raw CT data
allows for better resolution of the structures [higher
Window vs. resolution and higher contrast]
Reconstruction on CT?
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a
linear way too (vascular)
What is the total range of -1000 (air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
hounsfield units availabe?
What does a typical 256shades (that means each shade of grey covers
computer display show ~8HU)
for greyscale range? The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
What can the human eye
actually distinguish?
Look at the lateral film
What is a good way to
check diaphragm
Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down
flattening?
on the edge
What can a poor consolidation or PNA
inspiration/hypoinflation
appear like?
, Sweep or a zig zag down the lung field (both in PA
and lateral views)
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical,
How to look at the lung interstital/vasc markings, lucencies
fields? (cavity/bullae/PTX),
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
Which hilum should The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its
always appear higher on pathological
the radiograph?
Size of the heart - the cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
What to look for with the
LA
heart?
LV
R paratracheal line
Azygous area
What mediastinal lines Azygoesophageal line
should be observed on Paraaortic line (all the way down)
PA film?
If you can see these you need to figure out the
reason why
Quadrant method [above and below the ribs] (the
middle lung section you just
How to look at the bones
on Xray?
also go down the spine looking for abnormalities,
mets, or collapse
When should you START AFTER you have COMPLETELY evaluated the new
looking at OLD films? scan
, The aim is to provide continuously updated
evidence-based algorithms that ensure the safest,
most cost-effective, and most efficient path to
radiological diagnosis or intervention matched to
specific variants of clinical presentations.
What are the ACR
appropriateness criteria? Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult
Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), such as ACR
Appropriateness Criteria, prior to ordering
advanced imaging services (ADIS), including CT,
MR, nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare
patients.
Older appropriateness rating tables used a
numerical rating scale: • Usually Appropriate = 9, 8,
or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 • Usually Not
Appropriate = 3, 2, or 1
How are appropriateness
criteria divided/staged? Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the
three categories: • Usually Appropriate (Green cells
in the table) • May be Appropriate (Yellow cells in
the table) • Usually Not Appropriate (Red cells in the
table)
What lobe of lung is seen The R and L upper lobes
at the apicies?
The visual interface between structures of different
density.
What is the silhouette
sign?
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its
a "silhouette sign"
When the combined density of the vertebrae and
some source of fluid/consolidation make the
vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water
What is spine sign?
accentuates the ice appearing like they have
increased density even though they still the same
ice]
, Spine sign - vertebral bodies should be relative
lucent (black) above the diaphragm on lateral
projection.
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and
vertebra will appear whiter (fewer x-rays reach
detector since some are absorbed in the
pneumonia)
What are cases in which
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe
spine sign occur?
pneumonia. - - Very useful for detecting LLL
pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter)
above the level of diaphragm, and part of one of
the diaphragms is obscured → spine sign → sign of
lower lobe pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear
whiter (such as a blastic bone metastasis).
What is the lingula The left heart border (this is more visible in the
aligned with? lateral view xray)
Air-filled bronchi within an area of consolidation.
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can
also be seen in some tumors and other lung
abnormalities
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram ≠ pneumonia
What are air
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with
bronchograms?
bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
Questions
Save
Terms in this set (207)
Reconstructions - processing of the raw CT data
allows for better resolution of the structures [higher
Window vs. resolution and higher contrast]
Reconstruction on CT?
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a
linear way too (vascular)
What is the total range of -1000 (air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
hounsfield units availabe?
What does a typical 256shades (that means each shade of grey covers
computer display show ~8HU)
for greyscale range? The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
What can the human eye
actually distinguish?
Look at the lateral film
What is a good way to
check diaphragm
Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down
flattening?
on the edge
What can a poor consolidation or PNA
inspiration/hypoinflation
appear like?
, Sweep or a zig zag down the lung field (both in PA
and lateral views)
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical,
How to look at the lung interstital/vasc markings, lucencies
fields? (cavity/bullae/PTX),
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
Which hilum should The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its
always appear higher on pathological
the radiograph?
Size of the heart - the cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
What to look for with the
LA
heart?
LV
R paratracheal line
Azygous area
What mediastinal lines Azygoesophageal line
should be observed on Paraaortic line (all the way down)
PA film?
If you can see these you need to figure out the
reason why
Quadrant method [above and below the ribs] (the
middle lung section you just
How to look at the bones
on Xray?
also go down the spine looking for abnormalities,
mets, or collapse
When should you START AFTER you have COMPLETELY evaluated the new
looking at OLD films? scan
, The aim is to provide continuously updated
evidence-based algorithms that ensure the safest,
most cost-effective, and most efficient path to
radiological diagnosis or intervention matched to
specific variants of clinical presentations.
What are the ACR
appropriateness criteria? Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult
Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), such as ACR
Appropriateness Criteria, prior to ordering
advanced imaging services (ADIS), including CT,
MR, nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare
patients.
Older appropriateness rating tables used a
numerical rating scale: • Usually Appropriate = 9, 8,
or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 • Usually Not
Appropriate = 3, 2, or 1
How are appropriateness
criteria divided/staged? Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the
three categories: • Usually Appropriate (Green cells
in the table) • May be Appropriate (Yellow cells in
the table) • Usually Not Appropriate (Red cells in the
table)
What lobe of lung is seen The R and L upper lobes
at the apicies?
The visual interface between structures of different
density.
What is the silhouette
sign?
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its
a "silhouette sign"
When the combined density of the vertebrae and
some source of fluid/consolidation make the
vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water
What is spine sign?
accentuates the ice appearing like they have
increased density even though they still the same
ice]
, Spine sign - vertebral bodies should be relative
lucent (black) above the diaphragm on lateral
projection.
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and
vertebra will appear whiter (fewer x-rays reach
detector since some are absorbed in the
pneumonia)
What are cases in which
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe
spine sign occur?
pneumonia. - - Very useful for detecting LLL
pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter)
above the level of diaphragm, and part of one of
the diaphragms is obscured → spine sign → sign of
lower lobe pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear
whiter (such as a blastic bone metastasis).
What is the lingula The left heart border (this is more visible in the
aligned with? lateral view xray)
Air-filled bronchi within an area of consolidation.
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can
also be seen in some tumors and other lung
abnormalities
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram ≠ pneumonia
What are air
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with
bronchograms?
bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
