BIO 225 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔slime layer - ✔✔a glycocalyx that is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell
wall
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells. Present on all cells
✔✔What is not a function of the glycocalyx? - ✔✔(a) produce ATP
(b) Attachment
(c) Protect from dessication
(d) Protect from phagocytosis
A
✔✔What is the primary site for ATP synthesis in bacteria? - ✔✔Plasma membranes
✔✔All bacteria are either gram positive or gram negative. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔What items may be found in bacterial cytoplasm - ✔✔Water, ribosomes, plasmids,
and chromosome
✔✔What would be the immediate impact on bacterial cell if the ribosomes were
destroyed? - ✔✔It could no longer make protein
✔✔When humans manipulate microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting
they are engaging in? - ✔✔Biotechnology
✔✔All microorganisms are considered pathogens. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔A(n) __________ is any disease caused by a microorganism. - ✔✔Infectious
disease
✔✔_____________ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. - ✔✔Microbiology
✔✔Researchers are attempting to modify the genetic code of a virus to make it attack
and kill harmful bacteria. The virus would be an example of a(n) _____________. -
✔✔Genetically modified organism
✔✔Cocci in irregular clusters are referred to as? - ✔✔Staphylococci
✔✔Which of the following bacterial appendages are for channel formation? - ✔✔Pilli
, ✔✔The site(s) for most energy production in bacterial cells is (are) the _______. -
✔✔Cell membrane
✔✔The designations gram-positive and gram-negative are based largely on differences
in the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. (T/F) - ✔✔True
✔✔Two smaller subunits, a 50s and a 30s, come together to form a complete bacterial
ribosome that is designated: - ✔✔70S
✔✔The cell walls of fungi have a layer of peptidoglycan that is thicker than Gran
negative bacteria but thinner than Gran positive bacteria. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔Helminths must complete their life cycle by transmitting an infective form (usually an
egg or larva), to the body of another host, either of the same or a different species. (T/F)
- ✔✔False
✔✔The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called a ___________. - ✔✔trophozite
✔✔The nucleus is separated from the cell cytoplasm by an external boundary called the
_____________. - ✔✔nuclear envelope
✔✔Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in __________. - ✔✔Protozoa
✔✔Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered naked viruses. - ✔✔True
✔✔Once the host cell becomes so packed with viruses it bursts and releases the
mature virions. When this happens, the phage is said to have been in the
________________. - ✔✔lytic cycle
✔✔In general, each viral capsid is constructed from identical subunits called
__________ made of protein molecules. - ✔✔Capsomeres
✔✔When a virus penetrates a cell by _____________, the envelope merges directly
with the cell membrane, thereby liberating the nucleocapsid into the cell's interior. -
✔✔fusion
✔✔Viruses have all the following except - ✔✔(a) definite shape
(b) metabolism
(c) genes
(d) the ability to infect a host cells
(B) Metabolism
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔slime layer - ✔✔a glycocalyx that is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell
wall
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells. Present on all cells
✔✔What is not a function of the glycocalyx? - ✔✔(a) produce ATP
(b) Attachment
(c) Protect from dessication
(d) Protect from phagocytosis
A
✔✔What is the primary site for ATP synthesis in bacteria? - ✔✔Plasma membranes
✔✔All bacteria are either gram positive or gram negative. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔What items may be found in bacterial cytoplasm - ✔✔Water, ribosomes, plasmids,
and chromosome
✔✔What would be the immediate impact on bacterial cell if the ribosomes were
destroyed? - ✔✔It could no longer make protein
✔✔When humans manipulate microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting
they are engaging in? - ✔✔Biotechnology
✔✔All microorganisms are considered pathogens. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔A(n) __________ is any disease caused by a microorganism. - ✔✔Infectious
disease
✔✔_____________ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. - ✔✔Microbiology
✔✔Researchers are attempting to modify the genetic code of a virus to make it attack
and kill harmful bacteria. The virus would be an example of a(n) _____________. -
✔✔Genetically modified organism
✔✔Cocci in irregular clusters are referred to as? - ✔✔Staphylococci
✔✔Which of the following bacterial appendages are for channel formation? - ✔✔Pilli
, ✔✔The site(s) for most energy production in bacterial cells is (are) the _______. -
✔✔Cell membrane
✔✔The designations gram-positive and gram-negative are based largely on differences
in the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. (T/F) - ✔✔True
✔✔Two smaller subunits, a 50s and a 30s, come together to form a complete bacterial
ribosome that is designated: - ✔✔70S
✔✔The cell walls of fungi have a layer of peptidoglycan that is thicker than Gran
negative bacteria but thinner than Gran positive bacteria. (T/F) - ✔✔False
✔✔Helminths must complete their life cycle by transmitting an infective form (usually an
egg or larva), to the body of another host, either of the same or a different species. (T/F)
- ✔✔False
✔✔The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called a ___________. - ✔✔trophozite
✔✔The nucleus is separated from the cell cytoplasm by an external boundary called the
_____________. - ✔✔nuclear envelope
✔✔Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in __________. - ✔✔Protozoa
✔✔Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered naked viruses. - ✔✔True
✔✔Once the host cell becomes so packed with viruses it bursts and releases the
mature virions. When this happens, the phage is said to have been in the
________________. - ✔✔lytic cycle
✔✔In general, each viral capsid is constructed from identical subunits called
__________ made of protein molecules. - ✔✔Capsomeres
✔✔When a virus penetrates a cell by _____________, the envelope merges directly
with the cell membrane, thereby liberating the nucleocapsid into the cell's interior. -
✔✔fusion
✔✔Viruses have all the following except - ✔✔(a) definite shape
(b) metabolism
(c) genes
(d) the ability to infect a host cells
(B) Metabolism
