lOMoARcPSD|472 462 86
lOMoA RcP SD|472 46286
NUR 210 Exam 4 Study Guide
Principles of Pharmacology - Galen
100% Guarantee passing score
Exam 4 Notes Unit 10-12
Unit 10
Antivirals
- Types of Viruses
o Herpes simplex 1 – cold sores, more common
o Herpes simplex 2 – STD
o Influenza – the flu
o Varicella-zoster – chickenpox and shingles
o Epstein-Bar virus
o Cytomegalovirus
- Acyclovir
o Used for herpes virus
o Side effects
▪ GI distress
Can take with food
▪ Hypotension
o Adverse effects
▪ **crystalluria
Nephrotoxic
**increase fluid intake
▪ Increased bleeding time
● Thrombocytopenia
▪ Caution with history of electrolyte disorder
● **can cause hypokalemia
o Contraindication
▪ Milk protein hypersensitive
o Caution
▪ Seizure disorder
, lOMoARcPSD|472 462 86
▪ *Kidney disease
o Interactions
▪ Decreases effect of Phenytoin
▪ Ibuprofen
o Assessment
▪ CBC/CMP
▪ Kidney labs
▪ Urine output
o Nursing Process
▪ Give IV slowly over 60 minutes
● Decreases likelihood of crystalluria
▪ Orthostatic hypotension
▪ **Increase fluids
▪ Report adverse reactions
● **decrease urine output
Urinary
Drugs
Drugs for Urinary Tract Disorders
-
UT o Signs and symptoms: painful urination, frequency, urgency, pyuria, dark urine,
I odor
o If a male has it is considered a complicated UTI, not as common
, lOMoARcPSD|472 462 86
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
o Treats acute and chronic UTI
▪ Can be used prophylactically
o Urinary antiseptic
o Only used for females
o Side effects
▪ GI distress
▪ **Turns urine rust/brown
▪ Can cause drowsiness
o Adverse effects
▪ ***Superinfection
● Killing good bacteria as well can cause:
o C-diff
▪ Diarrhea
o Oral thrush
▪ White spots in mouth
o Vaginal yeast infection
▪ Vaginal discharge
● Notify provider immediately if signs/symptoms of
superinfection
o Will not discontinue, will just add other meds
▪ Blood dyscrasias
● Agranulocytosis
o More at risk for infection
▪ Hepatoxicity
o Contraindications
▪ Renal impairment
● Nephrotoxic
o Interactions
▪ Antacids
o Nursing Process
▪ Takes about 2 days to be effective
▪ Obtain urine for culture and sensitivity
● Usually only done for chronic
▪ Do not crush or open tablets or capsules
▪ **Rinse mouth – drug can stain teeth
▪ Drug can cause drowsiness
▪ **must complete full course of medication
▪ **urine may turn rust/brown color
- Phenazopyridine (AZO)
o Urinary analgesic
o Relieves pain, burning sensation, frequency, urgency
o Do not take for longer than 3 days
▪ While waiting on antibiotics to take effect
o Must take antibiotic as well
lOMoA RcP SD|472 46286
NUR 210 Exam 4 Study Guide
Principles of Pharmacology - Galen
100% Guarantee passing score
Exam 4 Notes Unit 10-12
Unit 10
Antivirals
- Types of Viruses
o Herpes simplex 1 – cold sores, more common
o Herpes simplex 2 – STD
o Influenza – the flu
o Varicella-zoster – chickenpox and shingles
o Epstein-Bar virus
o Cytomegalovirus
- Acyclovir
o Used for herpes virus
o Side effects
▪ GI distress
Can take with food
▪ Hypotension
o Adverse effects
▪ **crystalluria
Nephrotoxic
**increase fluid intake
▪ Increased bleeding time
● Thrombocytopenia
▪ Caution with history of electrolyte disorder
● **can cause hypokalemia
o Contraindication
▪ Milk protein hypersensitive
o Caution
▪ Seizure disorder
, lOMoARcPSD|472 462 86
▪ *Kidney disease
o Interactions
▪ Decreases effect of Phenytoin
▪ Ibuprofen
o Assessment
▪ CBC/CMP
▪ Kidney labs
▪ Urine output
o Nursing Process
▪ Give IV slowly over 60 minutes
● Decreases likelihood of crystalluria
▪ Orthostatic hypotension
▪ **Increase fluids
▪ Report adverse reactions
● **decrease urine output
Urinary
Drugs
Drugs for Urinary Tract Disorders
-
UT o Signs and symptoms: painful urination, frequency, urgency, pyuria, dark urine,
I odor
o If a male has it is considered a complicated UTI, not as common
, lOMoARcPSD|472 462 86
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
o Treats acute and chronic UTI
▪ Can be used prophylactically
o Urinary antiseptic
o Only used for females
o Side effects
▪ GI distress
▪ **Turns urine rust/brown
▪ Can cause drowsiness
o Adverse effects
▪ ***Superinfection
● Killing good bacteria as well can cause:
o C-diff
▪ Diarrhea
o Oral thrush
▪ White spots in mouth
o Vaginal yeast infection
▪ Vaginal discharge
● Notify provider immediately if signs/symptoms of
superinfection
o Will not discontinue, will just add other meds
▪ Blood dyscrasias
● Agranulocytosis
o More at risk for infection
▪ Hepatoxicity
o Contraindications
▪ Renal impairment
● Nephrotoxic
o Interactions
▪ Antacids
o Nursing Process
▪ Takes about 2 days to be effective
▪ Obtain urine for culture and sensitivity
● Usually only done for chronic
▪ Do not crush or open tablets or capsules
▪ **Rinse mouth – drug can stain teeth
▪ Drug can cause drowsiness
▪ **must complete full course of medication
▪ **urine may turn rust/brown color
- Phenazopyridine (AZO)
o Urinary analgesic
o Relieves pain, burning sensation, frequency, urgency
o Do not take for longer than 3 days
▪ While waiting on antibiotics to take effect
o Must take antibiotic as well
