BIOL 230 ATHABASCA UNIT 1 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● emergent properties Answer: In a complex hierarchy such as the
body's organizational plan, as
each level gives rise to the next highest level, new properties emerge
that are not present at the levels below
● Metabolism: Answer: The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur
in the body (catabolism "breakdown" eg fat breakdown by the gall
bladder, anabolism "build up" eg amino acids
● Responsiveness: Answer: : Is the bodies ability to detect and respond
to changes. Eg the body regulates body temperature, which Is why you
shiver when you get cold (Internal). External factor would be protecting
your face when you see a ball coming at you (external)
● Movement: Answer: Includes motion of the whole body, organs,
single cells, and tiny structures inside of cell
,● Growth: Answer: Is an increase in body size that results from an
increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells or
both.
● Differentiation: Answer: Is the development of a cell from an
unspecialized to a specialized state. Each type of cell in the body has a
specialized structure and function that differs from that of its precursor
(ancestor) cells. For example, erythrocytes (red blood cells) and several
types of leukocytes all arise from the same unspecialized precursor cells
in bone marrow.
● Stem cells : Answer: Precursor cells that can divide and give rise to
cells that undergo differentiation.
● Reproduction: Answer: Refers to the formation of new cells for tissue
growth, repair, or replacement. Or the production of a new individual
● Homeostasis Answer: The maintenance of relatively stable conditions
in the body's internal environment
● Intracellular fluid: Answer: The fluid within cells compromises 2/3 of
total body fluid
● Extracellular fluid: Answer: The fluid that is outside of the cells
which compromises the other 1/3 of the body and is composed 80%
intercellular fluid (inbetween cells) and 20 % plasma
,● Interstitial fluid: Answer: The fluid the fills the narrow spaces
between the cells
● Plasma: Answer: The fluid portion of blood
● Homeostasis: Answer: The maintenance of relatively stable
conditions in the body's internal environment
● Steady state: Answer: energy is needed to keep the regulated
parameter at a relatively constant level
● Equilibrium: Answer: conditions remain constant without the
expenditure of energy
● Feedback system Answer: : is a cycle of events in which a parameter
of the internal environment is monitored, evaluated,changed,
remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.
● Stimulus: Answer: Any disruption that changes a controlled variable
is called a stimulus.
● Receptor: Answer: : a body structure that monitors changes in a
controlled variable and sends input to a control center.
, ● Negative feed back system: Answer: Reverses a change in a
controlled variable
● Baroreceptors: Answer: the receptors), pressure sensitive neurons
located in the walls of certain blood vessels, detect the higher pressure.
These neurons send action potentials (input) to the brain (control center)
● Positive Feedback system: Answer: strengthens or reinforces a change
in a controlled variable. A positive feedback system operates similarly to
a negative feedback system except for theway the response affects the
controlled variable.
● Control Center Answer: determines the narrow range or set point
within which a controlled variable should be maintained, output from the
control center typically occurs as action potentials, or hormones or other
chemical signals.
● Effector: Answer: a body structure that receives output from the
control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled variable. Nearly every organ or tissue in the body can
behaveas an effector
● Feedforward control Answer: Events occur in anticipation of a change
in a controlled variable
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● emergent properties Answer: In a complex hierarchy such as the
body's organizational plan, as
each level gives rise to the next highest level, new properties emerge
that are not present at the levels below
● Metabolism: Answer: The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur
in the body (catabolism "breakdown" eg fat breakdown by the gall
bladder, anabolism "build up" eg amino acids
● Responsiveness: Answer: : Is the bodies ability to detect and respond
to changes. Eg the body regulates body temperature, which Is why you
shiver when you get cold (Internal). External factor would be protecting
your face when you see a ball coming at you (external)
● Movement: Answer: Includes motion of the whole body, organs,
single cells, and tiny structures inside of cell
,● Growth: Answer: Is an increase in body size that results from an
increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells or
both.
● Differentiation: Answer: Is the development of a cell from an
unspecialized to a specialized state. Each type of cell in the body has a
specialized structure and function that differs from that of its precursor
(ancestor) cells. For example, erythrocytes (red blood cells) and several
types of leukocytes all arise from the same unspecialized precursor cells
in bone marrow.
● Stem cells : Answer: Precursor cells that can divide and give rise to
cells that undergo differentiation.
● Reproduction: Answer: Refers to the formation of new cells for tissue
growth, repair, or replacement. Or the production of a new individual
● Homeostasis Answer: The maintenance of relatively stable conditions
in the body's internal environment
● Intracellular fluid: Answer: The fluid within cells compromises 2/3 of
total body fluid
● Extracellular fluid: Answer: The fluid that is outside of the cells
which compromises the other 1/3 of the body and is composed 80%
intercellular fluid (inbetween cells) and 20 % plasma
,● Interstitial fluid: Answer: The fluid the fills the narrow spaces
between the cells
● Plasma: Answer: The fluid portion of blood
● Homeostasis: Answer: The maintenance of relatively stable
conditions in the body's internal environment
● Steady state: Answer: energy is needed to keep the regulated
parameter at a relatively constant level
● Equilibrium: Answer: conditions remain constant without the
expenditure of energy
● Feedback system Answer: : is a cycle of events in which a parameter
of the internal environment is monitored, evaluated,changed,
remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.
● Stimulus: Answer: Any disruption that changes a controlled variable
is called a stimulus.
● Receptor: Answer: : a body structure that monitors changes in a
controlled variable and sends input to a control center.
, ● Negative feed back system: Answer: Reverses a change in a
controlled variable
● Baroreceptors: Answer: the receptors), pressure sensitive neurons
located in the walls of certain blood vessels, detect the higher pressure.
These neurons send action potentials (input) to the brain (control center)
● Positive Feedback system: Answer: strengthens or reinforces a change
in a controlled variable. A positive feedback system operates similarly to
a negative feedback system except for theway the response affects the
controlled variable.
● Control Center Answer: determines the narrow range or set point
within which a controlled variable should be maintained, output from the
control center typically occurs as action potentials, or hormones or other
chemical signals.
● Effector: Answer: a body structure that receives output from the
control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled variable. Nearly every organ or tissue in the body can
behaveas an effector
● Feedforward control Answer: Events occur in anticipation of a change
in a controlled variable
