AT 278 NDT EXAM PT
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20efh
1. List two material criteria that will allow penetrant testing to be successfully
accomplished.: The surface must be reasonably non-porous and smooth.
2. Can penetrant testing be used to accurately measure depths of cracks?: No
3. What are the six steps in a penetrant test.: SURFACE PREPARATION
Penetrant Application
Excess Penetrant Removal
Developer Application
Inspection
Post Test Cleaning
4. List three reasons why proper preparation is essential to a successful pene-
trant test.: Contaminants may obstruct penetrant from discontinuities.
Contaminants may cause non-relevant indications
Foreign materials will contaminate penetrant tanks
Coatings or plating must be removed.
5. What are the three criteria for cleaners: Must be able to remove contaminants
Must be compatible with material being tested
Must not become a contaminant itself.
6. Generally, what must be done with coatings or platings prior to a penetrant
test: it must be removed
7. Why must mechanical methods of cleaning be avoided: the grit/sand may dislocate or
cover some defects.
(no grit blasting, grinding, machining)
8. What must be done if a surface was mechanically cleaned: acid was or etching
9. Why must acids or acid base cleaners be throughly removed or neutralized
before applying fluorescent penetrants: acid will destroy the penetrants ability to fluoresce.
10. What are the four methods of penetrant application: immersion, brushing, spraying,
pouring or dip on
11. how long should a part remain immersed in penetrant when using the
immersion or dipping method: only long enough to completely cover the surface
12. how is a penetrant drawn into a discontinuity: capillary action
1/5
, AT 278 NDT EXAM PT
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20efh
13. what are two ways of determining proper dwell (penetration) time: part or
penetrant material manufacture
experimentation
14. what must be done if penetrant is allowed to dry on the part being tested?
Why?: completely reclean the part and reprocess. penetrant residue in discontinuities may prevent penetration of
new penetrant.
15. what are four factors that must be observed when determining dwell time-
: type discontinuity(defect)
temperature
size
penetrant sensitivity
16. what are the temperature limitations for a penetrant test: 40F-125F when too cold
penetrant will not flow into the part, becomes viscious. when too hot florescent will flow across the part and won't glow
as bright.
17. when should exes surface penetrant be removed: after dwell times has elapsed
18. removal of excess penetrant must be accomplished under what type of
lighting: visible penetrant - white light (100foot candles)
fluorescent penetrant - blacklight (1000MicroWatts/cm^2 @ 15in away)
19. what are the water spray requirements when used to remove excess pene-
trants: temperature - 50F-100F
pressure - 20-40 PSI
20. Post emulsifiable: Lipophilic - doesn't have to rinse off a second time
hydrophilic joined with h2o
21. what precaution must be observed when removing excess method A pene-
trants: do not over rinse
22. what is applied to method b and d penetrants to render them water solu-
able: emulsifier
23. how may and emulsifier be applied: immersion, spray, and pouring/dipping are okay
NEVER USE A BRUSH - it provides too much agitation
24. in general terms what is optimal emulsification dwell time considered to
be: long enough to emulsify surface penetrant but not long enough that penetrant becomes emulsified
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20efh
1. List two material criteria that will allow penetrant testing to be successfully
accomplished.: The surface must be reasonably non-porous and smooth.
2. Can penetrant testing be used to accurately measure depths of cracks?: No
3. What are the six steps in a penetrant test.: SURFACE PREPARATION
Penetrant Application
Excess Penetrant Removal
Developer Application
Inspection
Post Test Cleaning
4. List three reasons why proper preparation is essential to a successful pene-
trant test.: Contaminants may obstruct penetrant from discontinuities.
Contaminants may cause non-relevant indications
Foreign materials will contaminate penetrant tanks
Coatings or plating must be removed.
5. What are the three criteria for cleaners: Must be able to remove contaminants
Must be compatible with material being tested
Must not become a contaminant itself.
6. Generally, what must be done with coatings or platings prior to a penetrant
test: it must be removed
7. Why must mechanical methods of cleaning be avoided: the grit/sand may dislocate or
cover some defects.
(no grit blasting, grinding, machining)
8. What must be done if a surface was mechanically cleaned: acid was or etching
9. Why must acids or acid base cleaners be throughly removed or neutralized
before applying fluorescent penetrants: acid will destroy the penetrants ability to fluoresce.
10. What are the four methods of penetrant application: immersion, brushing, spraying,
pouring or dip on
11. how long should a part remain immersed in penetrant when using the
immersion or dipping method: only long enough to completely cover the surface
12. how is a penetrant drawn into a discontinuity: capillary action
1/5
, AT 278 NDT EXAM PT
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20efh
13. what are two ways of determining proper dwell (penetration) time: part or
penetrant material manufacture
experimentation
14. what must be done if penetrant is allowed to dry on the part being tested?
Why?: completely reclean the part and reprocess. penetrant residue in discontinuities may prevent penetration of
new penetrant.
15. what are four factors that must be observed when determining dwell time-
: type discontinuity(defect)
temperature
size
penetrant sensitivity
16. what are the temperature limitations for a penetrant test: 40F-125F when too cold
penetrant will not flow into the part, becomes viscious. when too hot florescent will flow across the part and won't glow
as bright.
17. when should exes surface penetrant be removed: after dwell times has elapsed
18. removal of excess penetrant must be accomplished under what type of
lighting: visible penetrant - white light (100foot candles)
fluorescent penetrant - blacklight (1000MicroWatts/cm^2 @ 15in away)
19. what are the water spray requirements when used to remove excess pene-
trants: temperature - 50F-100F
pressure - 20-40 PSI
20. Post emulsifiable: Lipophilic - doesn't have to rinse off a second time
hydrophilic joined with h2o
21. what precaution must be observed when removing excess method A pene-
trants: do not over rinse
22. what is applied to method b and d penetrants to render them water solu-
able: emulsifier
23. how may and emulsifier be applied: immersion, spray, and pouring/dipping are okay
NEVER USE A BRUSH - it provides too much agitation
24. in general terms what is optimal emulsification dwell time considered to
be: long enough to emulsify surface penetrant but not long enough that penetrant becomes emulsified
2/5
