P232 Chpt. 5 Question and answers
already passed 2025/2026
expectancy efforts - correct answer ✔"Self-fulfilling prophecies" in the realm of psychology are referred
to as
climate - correct answer ✔In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, __________ refers
to the way that teachers project a warmer emotional attitude toward the students they expect to do
well.
output - correct answer ✔In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, __________ refers to
the way that teachers give their high-expectation students extra opportunities to show what they have
learned.
attractive; more - correct answer ✔In Snyder's study on social expectancies, the results indicated that if
a male participant saw an __________ photograph, the female participant was __________ likely to
have behaved in a manner that was rated as warm, poised, and humorous.
interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction - correct answer ✔In regard to personality judgments,
two primary converging criteria are
did not change; increased - correct answer ✔In studies on the amount of information needed to make
accurate personality judgments, when more information was given, the level of consensus or agreement
among judges in their personality judgment__________ across time. However, the level of
accuracy__________.
weak; strong - correct answer ✔It tends to be more informative to observe a person in a
__________situation, in which people do different things, than in a __________situation, in which social
norms or other expectations restrict what people do.
, predictive validity - correct answer ✔My judgment that you are conscientious converges with the
subsequent empirical fact that you arrive on time for all your class meetings. This is an example of
long time; negative - correct answer ✔Recent studies have shown that expectation effects are stronger
when more than one important person in someone's life holds the expectation for a __________ time;
however, it seems that this appears to be especially true for __________ expectations.
we detect with some accuracy the difference between extremes of certain personality traits such as
extraversion and agreeableness. - correct answer ✔Research finds that by looking at someone's face,
convergent validation - correct answer ✔The greater the amount of diverse information that points to
the same conclusion, the more valid a test is likely to be. To put it another way, if something walks like a
duck, swims like a duck, and sounds like a duck, then it is very probably a duck. This method of assessing
test validity is called
Constructivism; Critical realism - correct answer ✔Two opposing philosophical points of view have
important implications for psychological research into the accuracy of personality judgments.
__________ argues that all interpretations are simply social constructions, and therefore there is no way
to regard one interpretation as more or less accurate than another. __________ holds that although all
interpretations of reality are fallible, not all interpretations are equally correct.
relevance, availability, detection, utilization - correct answer ✔Which answer below represents the
proper sequence in which the four conditions of personality judgment must be met according to the
Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM)?
the situation surrounding the judgment - correct answer ✔Which of the following answers is NOT one
of the primary moderator variables on which research on personality judgment accuracy has focused?
more visible traits (e.g., extraversion) - correct answer ✔Which traits are easier to judge accurately?
already passed 2025/2026
expectancy efforts - correct answer ✔"Self-fulfilling prophecies" in the realm of psychology are referred
to as
climate - correct answer ✔In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, __________ refers
to the way that teachers project a warmer emotional attitude toward the students they expect to do
well.
output - correct answer ✔In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, __________ refers to
the way that teachers give their high-expectation students extra opportunities to show what they have
learned.
attractive; more - correct answer ✔In Snyder's study on social expectancies, the results indicated that if
a male participant saw an __________ photograph, the female participant was __________ likely to
have behaved in a manner that was rated as warm, poised, and humorous.
interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction - correct answer ✔In regard to personality judgments,
two primary converging criteria are
did not change; increased - correct answer ✔In studies on the amount of information needed to make
accurate personality judgments, when more information was given, the level of consensus or agreement
among judges in their personality judgment__________ across time. However, the level of
accuracy__________.
weak; strong - correct answer ✔It tends to be more informative to observe a person in a
__________situation, in which people do different things, than in a __________situation, in which social
norms or other expectations restrict what people do.
, predictive validity - correct answer ✔My judgment that you are conscientious converges with the
subsequent empirical fact that you arrive on time for all your class meetings. This is an example of
long time; negative - correct answer ✔Recent studies have shown that expectation effects are stronger
when more than one important person in someone's life holds the expectation for a __________ time;
however, it seems that this appears to be especially true for __________ expectations.
we detect with some accuracy the difference between extremes of certain personality traits such as
extraversion and agreeableness. - correct answer ✔Research finds that by looking at someone's face,
convergent validation - correct answer ✔The greater the amount of diverse information that points to
the same conclusion, the more valid a test is likely to be. To put it another way, if something walks like a
duck, swims like a duck, and sounds like a duck, then it is very probably a duck. This method of assessing
test validity is called
Constructivism; Critical realism - correct answer ✔Two opposing philosophical points of view have
important implications for psychological research into the accuracy of personality judgments.
__________ argues that all interpretations are simply social constructions, and therefore there is no way
to regard one interpretation as more or less accurate than another. __________ holds that although all
interpretations of reality are fallible, not all interpretations are equally correct.
relevance, availability, detection, utilization - correct answer ✔Which answer below represents the
proper sequence in which the four conditions of personality judgment must be met according to the
Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM)?
the situation surrounding the judgment - correct answer ✔Which of the following answers is NOT one
of the primary moderator variables on which research on personality judgment accuracy has focused?
more visible traits (e.g., extraversion) - correct answer ✔Which traits are easier to judge accurately?
