NFDN 2005 Pediatrics Midterm exam with correct
| | | | | | |
detailed answers |
Principles |of |growth |and |development |- |correct |answer | |-Are |continuous |processes
-Progress |in |an |orderly |sequence
-Different |children |pass |through |predictable |stages |at |different |rates
-Different |body |systems, |different |developmental |rates
-Development |is |cephalocaudal |(head |to |toe)
Factors |that |influence |growth |and |development |- |correct |answer | |Gender, |genetics, |health, |
intelligence, |nutrition, |temperament |(reaction |patterns)
Gross |motor |skills |- |correct |answer | |Ventral |suspension, |prone, |sitting, |standing
Fine |motor |skills |- |correct |answer | |-1 |month |- |grasp |reflex, |difficult |to |extend |fingers
-2 |months |- |hands |open, |not |closed, |may |hold |object |for |a |few |seconds |before |dropping |it, |grasp |
reflex |fades
-3 |months |- |reach |for |items |they |want |but |usually |miss |as |grasp |is |unpracticed
-4 |months |- |thumb |opposion/pincher |grasp
-5 |months |- |grasp |with |whole |hand
-6 |months |- |can |hold |items |in |both |hands
Language |- |correct |answer | |-2 |months |- |cooing, |differentiates |cries
-3 |months |- |laughs |out |loud
-6 |months |- |vowel |sounds
-8 |months |- |first |words |(da-da, |ma-ma)
-12 |months |- |a |couple |more |word
,Erikson's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Psychosocial |development |characterized |by |crisis |
that |must |be |resolved
-1st |stage |- |infancy |- |trust |vs. |mistrust
-2nd |stage |- |toddlers |- |autonomy |vs. |sense |of |shame |and |doubt
-3rd |stage |- |preschoolers |- |initiative |vs. |guilt
-4th |stage |- |school |aged |children |- |industry |vs. |inferiority
-5th |stage |- |adolescent |task |- |identity |vs. |role |confusion
Piaget's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Cognitive |development |- |characterized |by |
assimilation |of |information |into |schemas
-Disequilibrium |is |the |motivation |for |learning |(how |to |modify |your |understanding |to |make |something |
work)
-1st |stage |- |infancy |- |sensorimotor |stage
-2nd |stage |- |toddlers |and |preschoolers |- |preoperational |stage
-3rd |stage |- |school |aged |children |- |concrete |operational |thought
-4th |stage |- |adolescent |stage |- |formal |operational |thought |(abstract |thinking)
Kolhber's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Moral |development
-Child |moves |from |a |basic |sense |of |morality |to |a |post |conventional |understanding
Infant |physical |development |- |correct |answer | |-Development |begins |before |birth
-Birth |weight |is |usually |doubled |by |6 |months |and |tripled |by |a |year
-Head |control |is |usually |achieved |by |about |4 |months
-Fontanelles |(soft |spot) |close |at |3 |months |(posterior) |and |12-18 |months |for |anterior
-Sitting |up |at |8 |months
-Crawling |at |9 |months
-Walking |by |12-22 |months
-Speech |about |12-18 |months
Infant |cognitive |development |- |correct |answer | |-Trust |vs. |mistrust |(Erikson)
, -Sensorimotor |stage |(Piaget)
Develop |a |sense |of |object |permanence
-Explore |the |world |through |their |mouths
Infant |play |- |correct |answer | |-Don't |have |a |good |pincher |grasp |until |about |10 |months
-Can |handle |larger |toys |before |10 |months
-Teething |rings |may |be |helpful |for |teething
-Like |toys |that |provide |sensory |stimulation
-Like |toys |that |make |noise
-Black |and |white |or |bright |colours |(poor |vision)
Infant |nutrition |- |correct |answer | |-Breast |or |bottle |up |to |about |6 |months
-Growth |should |be |constant
-Child |should |follow |same |percentile
-Additional |source |of |iron |is |required |after |6 |months |(fortified |cereal |is |high |in |iron)
-Breast/bottle |feed |should |continue |until |1 |years |old
Infant |safety |- |correct |answer | |-Household |safety |- |cleaner, |cords
-Water |safety |- |only |takes |1 |inch |to |drown |an |infant
-Electrical |safety
-Falls
-SIDS |- |lying |on |back |with |nothing |in |crib |to |sleep
Toddlers |physical |growth |- |correct |answer | |-1-2 |years |old
-Walking |and |talking
-Potbelly |appearance
-Lordosis |(change |in |centre |of |gravity)
-Toilet |training |- |usually |2-3 |years |old
-Readiness |- |showing |interest
| | | | | | |
detailed answers |
Principles |of |growth |and |development |- |correct |answer | |-Are |continuous |processes
-Progress |in |an |orderly |sequence
-Different |children |pass |through |predictable |stages |at |different |rates
-Different |body |systems, |different |developmental |rates
-Development |is |cephalocaudal |(head |to |toe)
Factors |that |influence |growth |and |development |- |correct |answer | |Gender, |genetics, |health, |
intelligence, |nutrition, |temperament |(reaction |patterns)
Gross |motor |skills |- |correct |answer | |Ventral |suspension, |prone, |sitting, |standing
Fine |motor |skills |- |correct |answer | |-1 |month |- |grasp |reflex, |difficult |to |extend |fingers
-2 |months |- |hands |open, |not |closed, |may |hold |object |for |a |few |seconds |before |dropping |it, |grasp |
reflex |fades
-3 |months |- |reach |for |items |they |want |but |usually |miss |as |grasp |is |unpracticed
-4 |months |- |thumb |opposion/pincher |grasp
-5 |months |- |grasp |with |whole |hand
-6 |months |- |can |hold |items |in |both |hands
Language |- |correct |answer | |-2 |months |- |cooing, |differentiates |cries
-3 |months |- |laughs |out |loud
-6 |months |- |vowel |sounds
-8 |months |- |first |words |(da-da, |ma-ma)
-12 |months |- |a |couple |more |word
,Erikson's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Psychosocial |development |characterized |by |crisis |
that |must |be |resolved
-1st |stage |- |infancy |- |trust |vs. |mistrust
-2nd |stage |- |toddlers |- |autonomy |vs. |sense |of |shame |and |doubt
-3rd |stage |- |preschoolers |- |initiative |vs. |guilt
-4th |stage |- |school |aged |children |- |industry |vs. |inferiority
-5th |stage |- |adolescent |task |- |identity |vs. |role |confusion
Piaget's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Cognitive |development |- |characterized |by |
assimilation |of |information |into |schemas
-Disequilibrium |is |the |motivation |for |learning |(how |to |modify |your |understanding |to |make |something |
work)
-1st |stage |- |infancy |- |sensorimotor |stage
-2nd |stage |- |toddlers |and |preschoolers |- |preoperational |stage
-3rd |stage |- |school |aged |children |- |concrete |operational |thought
-4th |stage |- |adolescent |stage |- |formal |operational |thought |(abstract |thinking)
Kolhber's |theory |of |development |- |correct |answer | |-Moral |development
-Child |moves |from |a |basic |sense |of |morality |to |a |post |conventional |understanding
Infant |physical |development |- |correct |answer | |-Development |begins |before |birth
-Birth |weight |is |usually |doubled |by |6 |months |and |tripled |by |a |year
-Head |control |is |usually |achieved |by |about |4 |months
-Fontanelles |(soft |spot) |close |at |3 |months |(posterior) |and |12-18 |months |for |anterior
-Sitting |up |at |8 |months
-Crawling |at |9 |months
-Walking |by |12-22 |months
-Speech |about |12-18 |months
Infant |cognitive |development |- |correct |answer | |-Trust |vs. |mistrust |(Erikson)
, -Sensorimotor |stage |(Piaget)
Develop |a |sense |of |object |permanence
-Explore |the |world |through |their |mouths
Infant |play |- |correct |answer | |-Don't |have |a |good |pincher |grasp |until |about |10 |months
-Can |handle |larger |toys |before |10 |months
-Teething |rings |may |be |helpful |for |teething
-Like |toys |that |provide |sensory |stimulation
-Like |toys |that |make |noise
-Black |and |white |or |bright |colours |(poor |vision)
Infant |nutrition |- |correct |answer | |-Breast |or |bottle |up |to |about |6 |months
-Growth |should |be |constant
-Child |should |follow |same |percentile
-Additional |source |of |iron |is |required |after |6 |months |(fortified |cereal |is |high |in |iron)
-Breast/bottle |feed |should |continue |until |1 |years |old
Infant |safety |- |correct |answer | |-Household |safety |- |cleaner, |cords
-Water |safety |- |only |takes |1 |inch |to |drown |an |infant
-Electrical |safety
-Falls
-SIDS |- |lying |on |back |with |nothing |in |crib |to |sleep
Toddlers |physical |growth |- |correct |answer | |-1-2 |years |old
-Walking |and |talking
-Potbelly |appearance
-Lordosis |(change |in |centre |of |gravity)
-Toilet |training |- |usually |2-3 |years |old
-Readiness |- |showing |interest
