lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r 13
TEST BANK- Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care (7th
r r r r r r r r r r r
r Edition,2024) Joyce E. Dains|| WITH CORRECT ANSWERS||ALL CHAPTERS
r r r r r r r
r
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
r r r r r r r r r r
,Multiple Choice
lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r
r
13
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
r r r r r r r r r r r
1. Which rtype rof rclinical rdecision-making ris rmost rreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which rof rthe rfollowing ris rfalse? rTo robtain radequate rhistory, rhealth-care rproviders rmust rbe:
A. Methodical rand rsystematic
B. Attentive rto rthe rpatient’s rverbal rand rnonverbal rlanguage
C. Able rto raccurately rinterpret rthe rpatient’s rresponses
D. Adept rat rreading rintorthe rpatient’s rstatements
3. Essential rparts rof ra rhealth rhistory rinclude rall rof rthe rfollowing rexcept:
A. Chief rcomplaint
B. Historyrof rthe rpresent rillness
C. Current rvital rsigns
D. All rof rthe rabove rare ressential rhistory rcomponents
4. Which rof rthe rfollowing ris rfalse? rWhile rperforming rthe rphysical rexamination, rthe rexaminer rmust rbe rable rto:
A. Differentiate rbetween rnormal rand rabnormal rfindings
B. Recall rknowledge rof ra rrange rof rconditions rand rtheir rassociated rsigns rand rsymptoms
C. Recognize rhow rcertain rconditions raffect rthe rresponse rto rother rconditions
D. Foresee runpredictable r findings
5. The rfollowing ris rthe rleast rreliable rsource rof rinformation rfor rdiagnostic rstatistics:
A. Evidence-based r investigations
B. Primaryrreports rof rresearch
C. Estimation rbased ron ra rprovider’s rexperience
D. Published r meta-analyses
6. The rfollowing rcan rbe rused rto rassist rin rsound rclinical rdecision-making:
A. Algorithmrpublished rin ra rpeer-reviewed rjournal rarticle
B. Clinical rpractice rguidelines
C. Evidence-based r research
D. All rof rthe rabove
7. If ra rdiagnostic rstudyrhas rhigh rsensitivity, rthis rindicates ra:
A. High rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult
B. Low rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult
C. Low rlikelihood rof rnormal rresult rin rpersons rwithout ra rgiven rcondition
D. None rof rthe rabove
8. If ra rdiagnostic rstudyrhas rhigh rspecificity, rthis rindicates ra:
A. Low rpercentage rof rhealthyrindividuals rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
B. High rpercentage rof rhealthyrindividuals rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
C. High rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith ra rdisorder rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
D. Low rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith ra rdisorder rwill rshow ran rabnormal rresult
9. Arlikelihood rratio rabove r1 rindicates rthat ra rdiagnostic rtest rshowing ra:
A. Positive rresult ris rstronglyrassociated rwith rthe rdisease
B. Negative rresult ris rstronglyrassociated rwith rabsence rof rthe rdisease
C. Positive rresult ris rweaklyrassociated rwith rthe rdisease
D. Negative rresult ris rweaklyrassociated rwith rabsence rof rthe rdisease
10. Which rof rthe rfollowing rclinical rreasoning rtools ris rdefined ras revidence-based rresource rbased ron rmathematical rmodeling
rto rexpress rthe rlikelihood rof ra rcondition rin rselect rsituations, rsettings, rand/or rpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r 13
A. Clinical rpractice rguideline
B. Clinical rdecision rrule
C. Clinical ralgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
r r r r r r r r r r
Answer Section
r
MULTIPLE rCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry r(2009) rdescribes rtwo rmajor rtypes rof rclinical rdiagnostic rdecision-making: rintuitive rand ranalytical. rIntuitive rdecision-
rmaking r(similar rto rAugenblink rdecision-making) ris rbased ron rthe rexperience rand rintuition rof rthe rclinician rand ris rless rreliable rand
rpaired rwith rfairly rcommon rerrors. rIn rcontrast, ranalytical rdecision-making ris rbased ron rcareful rconsideration rand rhas rgreater
rreliability rwith rrare rerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To robtain radequate rhistory, rproviders rmust rbe rwell rorganized, rattentive rto rthe rpatient’s rverbal rand rnonverbal rlanguage, rand rable
rto raccurately rinterpret rthe rpatient’s rresponses rto rquestions. rRather rthan rreading rinto rthe rpatient’s rstatements, rthey rclarify rany
rareas rof runcertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital rsigns rare rpart rof rthe rphysical rexamination rportion rof rpatient rassessment, rnot rpart rof rthe rhealth rhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While rperforming rthe rphysical rexamination, rthe rexaminer rmust rbe rable rto rdifferentiate rbetween rnormal rand rabnormal rfindings,
rrecall rknowledge rof ra rrange rof rconditions, rincluding rtheir rassociated rsigns rand rsymptoms, rrecognize rhow rcertain rconditions raffect
rthe rresponse rto rother rconditions, rand rdistinguish rthe rrelevance rof rvaried rabnormal rfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources rfor rdiagnostic rstatistics rinclude rtextbooks, rprimary rreports rof rresearch, rand rpublished rmeta-analyses. rAnother rsource rof
rstatistics, rthe rone rthat rhas rbeen rmost rwidely rused rand ravailable rfor rapplication rto rthe rreasoning rprocess, ris rthe restimation rbased ron
ra rprovider’s rexperience, ralthough rthese rare rrarely raccurate. rOver rthe rpast rdecade, rthe r availability rof revidence ron rwhich rto rbase
rclinical rreasoning ris rimproving, r and rthere ris ran rincreasing rexpectation rthat rclinical rreasoning rbe rbased ron rscientific revidence.
Evidence-based rstatistics r are r also rincreasingly rbeing rused rto rdevelop r resources rto rfacilitate r clinical r decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To rassist rin rclinical rdecision-making, ra rnumber rof revidence-based rresources rhave rbeen rdeveloped rto rassist rthe rclinician.
rResources, rsuch ras r algorithms rand rclinical rpractice rguidelines, rassist rin rclinical rreasoning rwhen rproperly rapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The rsensitivity rof ra rdiagnostic rstudy ris rthe rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith rthe rtarget rcondition rwho rshow ran rabnormal, ror r positive,
rresult. rA rhigh rsensitivity rindicates rthat ra rgreater rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The rspecificity rof ra rdiagnostic rstudy ris rthe rpercentage rof rnormal, rhealthy rindividuals rwho rhave ra rnormal rresult. rThe rgreater rthe
rspecificity, rthe rgreater rthe rpercentage rof rindividuals rwho rwill rhave rnegative, ror rnormal, rresults rif rthey rdo rnot rhave rthe rtarget
rcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The rlikelihood rratio ris rthe rprobability rthat ra rpositive rtest rresult rwill rbe rassociated rwith ra rperson rwho rhas rthe rtarget rcondition rand ra
rnegative rresult rwill rbe rassociated rwith ra rhealthy rperson. rA rlikelihood rratio rabove r1 rindicates rthat ra rpositive rresult ris rassociated
rwith rthe rdisease; ra rlikelihood rratio rless rthan r1 rindicates rthat ra rnegative rresult ris rassociated rwith ran rabsence rof rthe rdisease.
, lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical rdecision r(or rprediction) rrules rprovide ranother rsupport rfor rclinical rreasoning. rClinical rdecision rrules rare revidence-based
rresources rthat rprovide rprobabilistic rstatements rregarding rthe rlikelihood rthat ra rcondition rexists rif rcertain rvariables rare rmet rwith
rregard rto rthe rprognosis rof rpatients rwith rspecific rfindings. rDecision rrules ruse rmathematical r models rand rare rspecific rto rcertain
rsituations, rsettings, rand/or rpatient rcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
r 13
TEST BANK- Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care (7th
r r r r r r r r r r r
r Edition,2024) Joyce E. Dains|| WITH CORRECT ANSWERS||ALL CHAPTERS
r r r r r r r
r
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
r r r r r r r r r r
,Multiple Choice
lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r
r
13
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
r r r r r r r r r r r
1. Which rtype rof rclinical rdecision-making ris rmost rreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which rof rthe rfollowing ris rfalse? rTo robtain radequate rhistory, rhealth-care rproviders rmust rbe:
A. Methodical rand rsystematic
B. Attentive rto rthe rpatient’s rverbal rand rnonverbal rlanguage
C. Able rto raccurately rinterpret rthe rpatient’s rresponses
D. Adept rat rreading rintorthe rpatient’s rstatements
3. Essential rparts rof ra rhealth rhistory rinclude rall rof rthe rfollowing rexcept:
A. Chief rcomplaint
B. Historyrof rthe rpresent rillness
C. Current rvital rsigns
D. All rof rthe rabove rare ressential rhistory rcomponents
4. Which rof rthe rfollowing ris rfalse? rWhile rperforming rthe rphysical rexamination, rthe rexaminer rmust rbe rable rto:
A. Differentiate rbetween rnormal rand rabnormal rfindings
B. Recall rknowledge rof ra rrange rof rconditions rand rtheir rassociated rsigns rand rsymptoms
C. Recognize rhow rcertain rconditions raffect rthe rresponse rto rother rconditions
D. Foresee runpredictable r findings
5. The rfollowing ris rthe rleast rreliable rsource rof rinformation rfor rdiagnostic rstatistics:
A. Evidence-based r investigations
B. Primaryrreports rof rresearch
C. Estimation rbased ron ra rprovider’s rexperience
D. Published r meta-analyses
6. The rfollowing rcan rbe rused rto rassist rin rsound rclinical rdecision-making:
A. Algorithmrpublished rin ra rpeer-reviewed rjournal rarticle
B. Clinical rpractice rguidelines
C. Evidence-based r research
D. All rof rthe rabove
7. If ra rdiagnostic rstudyrhas rhigh rsensitivity, rthis rindicates ra:
A. High rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult
B. Low rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult
C. Low rlikelihood rof rnormal rresult rin rpersons rwithout ra rgiven rcondition
D. None rof rthe rabove
8. If ra rdiagnostic rstudyrhas rhigh rspecificity, rthis rindicates ra:
A. Low rpercentage rof rhealthyrindividuals rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
B. High rpercentage rof rhealthyrindividuals rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
C. High rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith ra rdisorder rwill rshow ra rnormal rresult
D. Low rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith ra rdisorder rwill rshow ran rabnormal rresult
9. Arlikelihood rratio rabove r1 rindicates rthat ra rdiagnostic rtest rshowing ra:
A. Positive rresult ris rstronglyrassociated rwith rthe rdisease
B. Negative rresult ris rstronglyrassociated rwith rabsence rof rthe rdisease
C. Positive rresult ris rweaklyrassociated rwith rthe rdisease
D. Negative rresult ris rweaklyrassociated rwith rabsence rof rthe rdisease
10. Which rof rthe rfollowing rclinical rreasoning rtools ris rdefined ras revidence-based rresource rbased ron rmathematical rmodeling
rto rexpress rthe rlikelihood rof ra rcondition rin rselect rsituations, rsettings, rand/or rpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r 13
A. Clinical rpractice rguideline
B. Clinical rdecision rrule
C. Clinical ralgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
r r r r r r r r r r
Answer Section
r
MULTIPLE rCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry r(2009) rdescribes rtwo rmajor rtypes rof rclinical rdiagnostic rdecision-making: rintuitive rand ranalytical. rIntuitive rdecision-
rmaking r(similar rto rAugenblink rdecision-making) ris rbased ron rthe rexperience rand rintuition rof rthe rclinician rand ris rless rreliable rand
rpaired rwith rfairly rcommon rerrors. rIn rcontrast, ranalytical rdecision-making ris rbased ron rcareful rconsideration rand rhas rgreater
rreliability rwith rrare rerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To robtain radequate rhistory, rproviders rmust rbe rwell rorganized, rattentive rto rthe rpatient’s rverbal rand rnonverbal rlanguage, rand rable
rto raccurately rinterpret rthe rpatient’s rresponses rto rquestions. rRather rthan rreading rinto rthe rpatient’s rstatements, rthey rclarify rany
rareas rof runcertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital rsigns rare rpart rof rthe rphysical rexamination rportion rof rpatient rassessment, rnot rpart rof rthe rhealth rhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While rperforming rthe rphysical rexamination, rthe rexaminer rmust rbe rable rto rdifferentiate rbetween rnormal rand rabnormal rfindings,
rrecall rknowledge rof ra rrange rof rconditions, rincluding rtheir rassociated rsigns rand rsymptoms, rrecognize rhow rcertain rconditions raffect
rthe rresponse rto rother rconditions, rand rdistinguish rthe rrelevance rof rvaried rabnormal rfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources rfor rdiagnostic rstatistics rinclude rtextbooks, rprimary rreports rof rresearch, rand rpublished rmeta-analyses. rAnother rsource rof
rstatistics, rthe rone rthat rhas rbeen rmost rwidely rused rand ravailable rfor rapplication rto rthe rreasoning rprocess, ris rthe restimation rbased ron
ra rprovider’s rexperience, ralthough rthese rare rrarely raccurate. rOver rthe rpast rdecade, rthe r availability rof revidence ron rwhich rto rbase
rclinical rreasoning ris rimproving, r and rthere ris ran rincreasing rexpectation rthat rclinical rreasoning rbe rbased ron rscientific revidence.
Evidence-based rstatistics r are r also rincreasingly rbeing rused rto rdevelop r resources rto rfacilitate r clinical r decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To rassist rin rclinical rdecision-making, ra rnumber rof revidence-based rresources rhave rbeen rdeveloped rto rassist rthe rclinician.
rResources, rsuch ras r algorithms rand rclinical rpractice rguidelines, rassist rin rclinical rreasoning rwhen rproperly rapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The rsensitivity rof ra rdiagnostic rstudy ris rthe rpercentage rof rindividuals rwith rthe rtarget rcondition rwho rshow ran rabnormal, ror r positive,
rresult. rA rhigh rsensitivity rindicates rthat ra rgreater rpercentage rof rpersons rwith rthe rgiven rcondition rwill rhave ran rabnormal rresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The rspecificity rof ra rdiagnostic rstudy ris rthe rpercentage rof rnormal, rhealthy rindividuals rwho rhave ra rnormal rresult. rThe rgreater rthe
rspecificity, rthe rgreater rthe rpercentage rof rindividuals rwho rwill rhave rnegative, ror rnormal, rresults rif rthey rdo rnot rhave rthe rtarget
rcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The rlikelihood rratio ris rthe rprobability rthat ra rpositive rtest rresult rwill rbe rassociated rwith ra rperson rwho rhas rthe rtarget rcondition rand ra
rnegative rresult rwill rbe rassociated rwith ra rhealthy rperson. rA rlikelihood rratio rabove r1 rindicates rthat ra rpositive rresult ris rassociated
rwith rthe rdisease; ra rlikelihood rratio rless rthan r1 rindicates rthat ra rnegative rresult ris rassociated rwith ran rabsence rof rthe rdisease.
, lOMoARcPSD|126 r 567
r 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical rdecision r(or rprediction) rrules rprovide ranother rsupport rfor rclinical rreasoning. rClinical rdecision rrules rare revidence-based
rresources rthat rprovide rprobabilistic rstatements rregarding rthe rlikelihood rthat ra rcondition rexists rif rcertain rvariables rare rmet rwith
rregard rto rthe rprognosis rof rpatients rwith rspecific rfindings. rDecision rrules ruse rmathematical r models rand rare rspecific rto rcertain
rsituations, rsettings, rand/or rpatient rcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
