ECG CPO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

ECG CPO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\




ANSWERS


What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


ANSWERS ✔✔Right atrium - Tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Pulmonic Valve - Pulmonary Arteries - To the Lungs - Pulmonary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Veins - Left atrium - Mitral Valve - Left ventricle - Aortic valve -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Aorta


What is the atrial kick? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔This is atrial
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


systole - The atrial kick delivers 20-30% of the blood volume
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


from the atria to the ventricles. The atria is contracting in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


response to the SA node |\ |\ |\ |\




What is the pericardial cavity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Between
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the parietal and visceral layers of the heart is a potential space.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


It contains serious fluid (pericardial fluid) which reduces friction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What is the epicardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the outer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


surface of the heart or inner serous layer of the pericardial asc
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What is the myocardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


middle layer of the heart and it is the muscular layer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What is the endocardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


inside layer that is nice and smooth. It helps the blood to flow
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


smoothly.

,What are the five unique properties of myocardial tissue? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) Automaticity |\ |\ |\




2) Rhythmicity
|\




3) Conductivity
|\




4) Contractility
|\




5) Excitability
|\




What does 'automaticity' of cardiac cells refer to? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


ANSWERS ✔✔It refers to their ability to initiate an impulse |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


without an external source of stimulation|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




It works without your brain instructing it to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




How is the action potential generated? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


✔✔Phase 4: Resting membrane potential. Inside the cell is a high
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


concentration of K+. In this stage, K+ gates open and it starts to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


leak out.
|\ |\ |\




Phase 0: Depolarization phase. Na+ enters the cell via fast
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


sodium channels - making the inside of the cell positive. K+
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


gates close. |\




Phase 1: Early repolarization - fast sodium channels close
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Phase 2: Plateau phase - calcium moves into the cell, causing the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


cardiac contraction along with the sodium. The influx helps to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


maintain the positive charge over this time period.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Phase 3: Repolarization - K+ moves into the cell via the pump
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


and the RMP is re-established
|\ |\ |\ |\

, What does the 'rhythmicity' of the cardiac cells refer to -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It means that impulses are formed at
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


regular intervals. The sodium and potassium move at regular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


rates and then the cycle is repeated - its regular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What does the 'conductivity' of the cardiac cells refer to? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Electrical impulses travel quickly through
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the heart. Intercalated discs contain gap junctions that speed up
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the conduction.
|\




What does the 'contractility' of the heart refer to? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


ANSWERS ✔✔The cardiac fibers are arranged in a circular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


pattern. Shortening of them reduces the chamber size and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


increases chamber pressure. The contraction action produces the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


pumping effect of the heart. To increase the force of contraction,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


fibers must shorten even more.
|\ |\ |\ |\




What does 'excitability' refer to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


ability of the heart to respond to outside stimuli? It can initiate an
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


impulse (automaticity), but it is also affected by external
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


neurotransmitters, hormones and meds that can increase the rte |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


and strength of contraction of the heart
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What are your SNS receptors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔They are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


adrenergic receptors: beta 1 receptors |\ |\ |\ |\




What are the PNS receptors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔They are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


cholinergic receptors: Muscarinic receptors |\ |\ |\