HYPERTENSION/DVT EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Blood pressure - Correct Answers -the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the
walls of blood vessels
Blood volume - Correct Answers -the amount of fluid in blood
BV higher- BP higher
Blood flow - Correct Answers -volume of blood that flows per minute
Systolic pressure - Correct Answers -Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of
the ventricles.
Diastolic pressure - Correct Answers -Blood pressure that remains between heart
contractions.
Pulse pressure - Correct Answers -difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Mean arterial pressure - Correct Answers -pressure that propels blood to tissues
Peripheral resistance - Correct Answers -viscosity- thicker- higher BP
vessel length- longer- higher BP
vessel radius- bigger- lower BP
Cardiac Output - Correct Answers -measurement of the amount of blood ejected per
minute from either ventricle of the heart
SVxHR (4- L/min)
CO increases= BP increases
sympathetic nervous system - Correct Answers -increases BP
increases heart rate and contractility = increases CO
vasoconstriction of all types of vessels= increases peripheral resistance
parasympathetic nervous system - Correct Answers -decreases BP
slows heart rate and mild effect on contractility= decreases CO
vasodilation= decrease in resistance
Baroreflex - Correct Answers -Stimulus- increase in BP
, Receptor- baroreceptors in carotid and aortic sinus detect increased pressure and fire
action potentials faster
Control Center- autonomic centers in medulla
Response- medulla inhibits sympathetic activity, induces vasodilation and decreased
heart rate lowering CO
Hypertension - Correct Answers -high blood pressure, 14-150 over 90-99
most common cardiovascular disease
RAAS system - Correct Answers -Renin is produced by the kidneys in response to
impaired blood flow & tissue perfusion, and converts angiotensinogen in the blood to
angiotensin I; ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II
then vasoconstricts and stimulates the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone then
promotes Na and water retention as well as K excretion- increases BP
ANP and BNP - Correct Answers -released from atrial cells in response to stretching by
excess BV
promotes vasodilation/sodium/water excretion- lowers BP
Adrenomedullin - Correct Answers -vasodilator
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) - Correct Answers -promotes water
retention/vasoconstriction- raises BP
Primary Hypertension - Correct Answers -denotes high blood pressure from an
unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
Causes of primary hypertension - Correct Answers -smoking, increase of SNS actions,
sedentary lifestyle, genetics, diet, impairment of RAA mechanism, deficiency of ANP,
hyperlipidema, atherosclerosis, diabetes
Secondary Hypertension - Correct Answers -high blood pressure caused by the effects
of another disease
Causes of secondary hypertension - Correct Answers -kidney disease, coartification of
aorta (narrowing), endocrine disorders, neuro disorders (increase ICP), drug use
(estrogen/BC/cocaine), pregnancy, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea
Hypertensive crisis - Correct Answers -Systolic over 180 or Diastolic over 120
treatment within 1 HR
Etiology of Hypertension - Correct Answers -middle-aged/elders
higher in African Americans (females)
White and Hispanic men
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Blood pressure - Correct Answers -the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the
walls of blood vessels
Blood volume - Correct Answers -the amount of fluid in blood
BV higher- BP higher
Blood flow - Correct Answers -volume of blood that flows per minute
Systolic pressure - Correct Answers -Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of
the ventricles.
Diastolic pressure - Correct Answers -Blood pressure that remains between heart
contractions.
Pulse pressure - Correct Answers -difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Mean arterial pressure - Correct Answers -pressure that propels blood to tissues
Peripheral resistance - Correct Answers -viscosity- thicker- higher BP
vessel length- longer- higher BP
vessel radius- bigger- lower BP
Cardiac Output - Correct Answers -measurement of the amount of blood ejected per
minute from either ventricle of the heart
SVxHR (4- L/min)
CO increases= BP increases
sympathetic nervous system - Correct Answers -increases BP
increases heart rate and contractility = increases CO
vasoconstriction of all types of vessels= increases peripheral resistance
parasympathetic nervous system - Correct Answers -decreases BP
slows heart rate and mild effect on contractility= decreases CO
vasodilation= decrease in resistance
Baroreflex - Correct Answers -Stimulus- increase in BP
, Receptor- baroreceptors in carotid and aortic sinus detect increased pressure and fire
action potentials faster
Control Center- autonomic centers in medulla
Response- medulla inhibits sympathetic activity, induces vasodilation and decreased
heart rate lowering CO
Hypertension - Correct Answers -high blood pressure, 14-150 over 90-99
most common cardiovascular disease
RAAS system - Correct Answers -Renin is produced by the kidneys in response to
impaired blood flow & tissue perfusion, and converts angiotensinogen in the blood to
angiotensin I; ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II
then vasoconstricts and stimulates the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone then
promotes Na and water retention as well as K excretion- increases BP
ANP and BNP - Correct Answers -released from atrial cells in response to stretching by
excess BV
promotes vasodilation/sodium/water excretion- lowers BP
Adrenomedullin - Correct Answers -vasodilator
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) - Correct Answers -promotes water
retention/vasoconstriction- raises BP
Primary Hypertension - Correct Answers -denotes high blood pressure from an
unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
Causes of primary hypertension - Correct Answers -smoking, increase of SNS actions,
sedentary lifestyle, genetics, diet, impairment of RAA mechanism, deficiency of ANP,
hyperlipidema, atherosclerosis, diabetes
Secondary Hypertension - Correct Answers -high blood pressure caused by the effects
of another disease
Causes of secondary hypertension - Correct Answers -kidney disease, coartification of
aorta (narrowing), endocrine disorders, neuro disorders (increase ICP), drug use
(estrogen/BC/cocaine), pregnancy, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea
Hypertensive crisis - Correct Answers -Systolic over 180 or Diastolic over 120
treatment within 1 HR
Etiology of Hypertension - Correct Answers -middle-aged/elders
higher in African Americans (females)
White and Hispanic men
