NR 283 Pathophysiology 2025/2026 – Complete Exam
Material with Verified Questions and Correct Answers
(Graded A+)
1. Which types of muscles make up most of the musculoskeletal system?
a. Striated and involuntary
b. Smooth and voluntary
c. Striated and voluntary
d. Smooth and involuntary - CORRECT ANSWER >>>c. Striated and voluntary
2. Irreversible changes in the distal joints of the fingers caused by osteoarthritis are known as: a.
Bouchard's nodes
b. Lymph nodes
c. Haygarth's nodes
d. Heberden's nodes - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Heberden's nodes
3. Osteoporosis is characterized by:
a. Porosity and brittleness
b. Brittleness and swelling of the joints
c. Crystal deposition and brittleness
d. Progressive inflammatory destruction after new bone formation - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>a. Porosity and brittleness
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,4. Which treatment is commonly indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
a. High-fiber, low-fat diet
b. Fluid restriction
c. Insulin
d. Oral antidiabetic agent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Oral antidiabetic agent
5. Which of the following is caused by the release of insulin?
a. Decreased blood glucose level
b. Increased blood glucose level
c. Increased lipid breakdown
d. Increased protein breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. Decreased blood glucose level
6. Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
a. Can be treated with oral glycemic agents
b. Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin
c. Acute onset
d. Definite genetic link - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. Can be treated with oral glycemic
agents
7. Which of the following is not true about type 2 diabetes?
a. Accounts for up to 95% of diabetics
b. Gradual onset
c. Significant weight loss occurs as a symptom
d. Risk factors are hypertension, family history, and obesity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>c.
Significant weight loss occurs as a symptom
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, 8. Which of the following is not a sign of DKA?
a. Kussmaul respirations
b. Dehydration
c. Ketonuria
d. Low blood glucose level - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Low blood glucose level
9. Which laboratory test is the best predictor of blood glucose control over the previous few
months?
a. HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c)
b. Fasting blood glucose
c. Urinalysis
d. Feasting (postprandial) blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. HbA1c (hemoglobin
A1c)
10. Neuropathies are a potential complication of diabetes. Why do these occur? a.
Infection in the nerves
b. Thickening and ischemia of the vessels that supply the nerve fibers
c. Inability to provide continuous glucose to the brain and spinal cord
d. Excessive glucose exposure to the brain and spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER >>>b.
Thickening and ischemia of the vessels that supply the nerve fibers
11. What is your explanation to the parents who do not want to give their child insulin injections
to treat type 1 diabetes because they have heard that pills can be used to treat this condition?
a. Insulin is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract if taken orally, so it must be injected
subcutaneously
b. The child can go ahead and take the oral medication because he does have type 1 diabetes
3|Page
Material with Verified Questions and Correct Answers
(Graded A+)
1. Which types of muscles make up most of the musculoskeletal system?
a. Striated and involuntary
b. Smooth and voluntary
c. Striated and voluntary
d. Smooth and involuntary - CORRECT ANSWER >>>c. Striated and voluntary
2. Irreversible changes in the distal joints of the fingers caused by osteoarthritis are known as: a.
Bouchard's nodes
b. Lymph nodes
c. Haygarth's nodes
d. Heberden's nodes - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Heberden's nodes
3. Osteoporosis is characterized by:
a. Porosity and brittleness
b. Brittleness and swelling of the joints
c. Crystal deposition and brittleness
d. Progressive inflammatory destruction after new bone formation - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>a. Porosity and brittleness
1|Page
,4. Which treatment is commonly indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
a. High-fiber, low-fat diet
b. Fluid restriction
c. Insulin
d. Oral antidiabetic agent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Oral antidiabetic agent
5. Which of the following is caused by the release of insulin?
a. Decreased blood glucose level
b. Increased blood glucose level
c. Increased lipid breakdown
d. Increased protein breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. Decreased blood glucose level
6. Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
a. Can be treated with oral glycemic agents
b. Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin
c. Acute onset
d. Definite genetic link - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. Can be treated with oral glycemic
agents
7. Which of the following is not true about type 2 diabetes?
a. Accounts for up to 95% of diabetics
b. Gradual onset
c. Significant weight loss occurs as a symptom
d. Risk factors are hypertension, family history, and obesity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>c.
Significant weight loss occurs as a symptom
2|Page
, 8. Which of the following is not a sign of DKA?
a. Kussmaul respirations
b. Dehydration
c. Ketonuria
d. Low blood glucose level - CORRECT ANSWER >>>d. Low blood glucose level
9. Which laboratory test is the best predictor of blood glucose control over the previous few
months?
a. HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c)
b. Fasting blood glucose
c. Urinalysis
d. Feasting (postprandial) blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a. HbA1c (hemoglobin
A1c)
10. Neuropathies are a potential complication of diabetes. Why do these occur? a.
Infection in the nerves
b. Thickening and ischemia of the vessels that supply the nerve fibers
c. Inability to provide continuous glucose to the brain and spinal cord
d. Excessive glucose exposure to the brain and spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER >>>b.
Thickening and ischemia of the vessels that supply the nerve fibers
11. What is your explanation to the parents who do not want to give their child insulin injections
to treat type 1 diabetes because they have heard that pills can be used to treat this condition?
a. Insulin is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract if taken orally, so it must be injected
subcutaneously
b. The child can go ahead and take the oral medication because he does have type 1 diabetes
3|Page
