NUR 612 EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
2025/2026 ALL GRADED A+
✔✔what are possible etiologies for scrotal cancer? - ✔✔exposure to tar, soot, oils
(chimney sweeps); poor hygiene; chronic inflammation r/t untreated HPV infection
✔✔what are the possible etiologies for testicular cancer? - ✔✔cryptochorchidism;
genetic factors; testicular development disorders.
✔✔what is a seminoma? - ✔✔cancer from germ cell tumors in 20-34 y.o.
✔✔signs and symptoms of testicular cancer - ✔✔PAINLESS lump on testicle that can
vary in size; feeling of heaviness/ache in lower abdomen/scrotum.
✔✔what is acute prostatitis? what is the treatment for it? - ✔✔acute bacterial infection
that came from the urethra. antibiotics for 4 weeks.
✔✔what is chronic prostatitis? what is the treatment for it? - ✔✔r/t bacterial infection
from recurrent UTIs. 3-4 months of low dose antibiotics. poor penetration of antibiotics
to prostate.
✔✔what are s/s of chronic prostatitis? - ✔✔inflamed prostate with low grade fever,
purulent drainage, and pain with ejaculation
✔✔what are screening methods for prostate cancer? should prostates have areas of
hardening? - ✔✔digital rectal exam, PSA levels; assessment of high risk patients.
hardening indicates cancer (tip of nose).
✔✔who is at high risk of developing prostate cancer? - ✔✔black men, those with strong
family hx
✔✔what is necessary for diagnosis of prostate cancer? how can we trend the disease?
- ✔✔biopsy is gold standard; follow PSA levels; if there is a spike after removal,
indicative of recurrent disease.
✔✔how do you manage metastatic prostate cancer? - ✔✔treat with androgen
deprivation therapy; orchiectomy; GnRH analogs
✔✔What correlates with the volume and stage of prostate cancer?
A. testosterone
B. PSA
C. Estrogen levels
D. GnRH release - ✔✔B: PSA
, ✔✔What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying
genitourinary disease?
A. Chlamydia and candida
B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
C. E. Coli and gonorrhea
D. Candida and E. Coli - ✔✔B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
✔✔What group of men have the highest incidence of BPH?
A. Japanese
B. Caucasian
C. Native American
D. African American - ✔✔D. African American
✔✔What is the perimetrium? - ✔✔Outer membrane that merges with peritoneum to
cover broad ligaments.
✔✔What is the myometrium? What is the function? - ✔✔The muscle layer that forms
most of the uterus. Contracts to expel menstrual products, miscarriage, or for childbirth.
✔✔What is the endometrium? - ✔✔Superficial layer of the uterus that is shed each
month and a new layer is regenerated.
✔✔Where will fertilization of an egg occur? - ✔✔In the fallopian tubes.
✔✔What is the purpose of endocervical secretions? What is the primary Ig that protects
the uterus from infection? - ✔✔Protects the uterus from infection; IgA (which is
produced from plasma cells that come from B cells, that started in the lymphoid tissue)
✔✔Cervical mucus is strongly influenced by ________ and _______. - ✔✔estrogen and
progesterone
✔✔Menarche is the beginning of ________ in women. - ✔✔menstruation
✔✔Menstruation is controlled by _________ hormonal changes. - ✔✔cyclic
✔✔Menstruation ceases when __________ occurs. - ✔✔menopause
✔✔what hormones control the menstrual cycle? - ✔✔feedback control is from
gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus; FSH and LH from anterior
pituitary.
✔✔What is the action of estrogen in utero? In puberty? - ✔✔develops vagina, uterus,
and fallopian tubes in utero; stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics
during puberty; accelerates growth of long bones and closure of epiphyses at puberty.
2025/2026 ALL GRADED A+
✔✔what are possible etiologies for scrotal cancer? - ✔✔exposure to tar, soot, oils
(chimney sweeps); poor hygiene; chronic inflammation r/t untreated HPV infection
✔✔what are the possible etiologies for testicular cancer? - ✔✔cryptochorchidism;
genetic factors; testicular development disorders.
✔✔what is a seminoma? - ✔✔cancer from germ cell tumors in 20-34 y.o.
✔✔signs and symptoms of testicular cancer - ✔✔PAINLESS lump on testicle that can
vary in size; feeling of heaviness/ache in lower abdomen/scrotum.
✔✔what is acute prostatitis? what is the treatment for it? - ✔✔acute bacterial infection
that came from the urethra. antibiotics for 4 weeks.
✔✔what is chronic prostatitis? what is the treatment for it? - ✔✔r/t bacterial infection
from recurrent UTIs. 3-4 months of low dose antibiotics. poor penetration of antibiotics
to prostate.
✔✔what are s/s of chronic prostatitis? - ✔✔inflamed prostate with low grade fever,
purulent drainage, and pain with ejaculation
✔✔what are screening methods for prostate cancer? should prostates have areas of
hardening? - ✔✔digital rectal exam, PSA levels; assessment of high risk patients.
hardening indicates cancer (tip of nose).
✔✔who is at high risk of developing prostate cancer? - ✔✔black men, those with strong
family hx
✔✔what is necessary for diagnosis of prostate cancer? how can we trend the disease?
- ✔✔biopsy is gold standard; follow PSA levels; if there is a spike after removal,
indicative of recurrent disease.
✔✔how do you manage metastatic prostate cancer? - ✔✔treat with androgen
deprivation therapy; orchiectomy; GnRH analogs
✔✔What correlates with the volume and stage of prostate cancer?
A. testosterone
B. PSA
C. Estrogen levels
D. GnRH release - ✔✔B: PSA
, ✔✔What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying
genitourinary disease?
A. Chlamydia and candida
B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
C. E. Coli and gonorrhea
D. Candida and E. Coli - ✔✔B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
✔✔What group of men have the highest incidence of BPH?
A. Japanese
B. Caucasian
C. Native American
D. African American - ✔✔D. African American
✔✔What is the perimetrium? - ✔✔Outer membrane that merges with peritoneum to
cover broad ligaments.
✔✔What is the myometrium? What is the function? - ✔✔The muscle layer that forms
most of the uterus. Contracts to expel menstrual products, miscarriage, or for childbirth.
✔✔What is the endometrium? - ✔✔Superficial layer of the uterus that is shed each
month and a new layer is regenerated.
✔✔Where will fertilization of an egg occur? - ✔✔In the fallopian tubes.
✔✔What is the purpose of endocervical secretions? What is the primary Ig that protects
the uterus from infection? - ✔✔Protects the uterus from infection; IgA (which is
produced from plasma cells that come from B cells, that started in the lymphoid tissue)
✔✔Cervical mucus is strongly influenced by ________ and _______. - ✔✔estrogen and
progesterone
✔✔Menarche is the beginning of ________ in women. - ✔✔menstruation
✔✔Menstruation is controlled by _________ hormonal changes. - ✔✔cyclic
✔✔Menstruation ceases when __________ occurs. - ✔✔menopause
✔✔what hormones control the menstrual cycle? - ✔✔feedback control is from
gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus; FSH and LH from anterior
pituitary.
✔✔What is the action of estrogen in utero? In puberty? - ✔✔develops vagina, uterus,
and fallopian tubes in utero; stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics
during puberty; accelerates growth of long bones and closure of epiphyses at puberty.
