LPNU 130 - Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing II - EXAM 8
Hypovolemic shock - correct answer A life-threatening condition caused by loss of >20% of
blood or fluid, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood.
Main causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Hemorrhage, severe dehydration, plasma
loss.
Examples of hemorrhagic causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Trauma, GI bleeding,
surgery.
Examples of fluid loss causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Vomiting, diarrhea,
heatstroke, burns.
Examples of plasma loss causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Burns, pancreatitis.
Neurologic symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Anxiety, restlessness,
confusion, altered mental status.
Cardiovascular symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Tachycardia,
weak/thready pulse, hypotension.
Respiratory symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Tachypnea, shallow
breathing.
Skin symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Pale, cool, clammy skin; delayed
capillary refill.
Urinary symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Decreased urine output (<30
mL/hr).
GI symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Thirst, nausea, dry mucous
membranes.
Disorders of coagulation - correct answer Conditions that impair blood's ability to clot, causing
excessive bleeding or thrombosis.
Bleeding disorders - correct answer Disorders characterized by insufficient clot formation.
Hemophilia A - correct answer A bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of Factor VIII.
Symptoms of Hemophilia A - correct answer Hemarthrosis, deep muscle bleeding, prolonged
bleeding after injury.
Hemophilia B - correct answer Also known as Christmas disease; caused by Factor IX deficiency.
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) - correct answer Caused by deficiency or dysfunction of von
Willebrand Factor (vWF).
, Symptoms of vWD - correct answer Mucosal bleeding, menorrhagia, easy bruising.
Vitamin K deficiency - correct answer Leads to bleeding due to lack of clotting factors II, VII, IX,
and X.
Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency - correct answer GI bleeding, prolonged prothrombin time
(PT).
Liver disease effect on coagulation - correct answer Reduces clotting factor production, causing
bleeding and elevated PT/INR.
Hemophilia definition - correct answer Genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in Factor
VIII or IX.
Type of Hemophilia A - correct answer Factor VIII deficiency.
Type of Hemophilia B - correct answer Factor IX deficiency.
Cause of hemophilia - correct answer X-linked recessive; primarily affects males.
General signs of hemophilia - correct answer Prolonged bleeding, hemarthrosis, bruising,
hematuria, GI bleeding.
Diagnosis of hemophilia - correct answer Prolonged aPTT, normal PT/platelets, factor assay for
deficiency.
Treatment for hemophilia A - correct answer Factor VIII replacement, Desmopressin for mild
cases.
Treatment for hemophilia B - correct answer Factor IX replacement.
Hemophilia nursing care - correct answer Prevent trauma, monitor bleeding, soft toothbrush,
electric razor, teach factor self-injection.
Medications to avoid with hemophilia - correct answer Aspirin and NSAIDs.
Thrombocytopenia - correct answer A condition marked by a platelet count <150,000/mm³,
increasing bleeding risk.
Common causes of thrombocytopenia - correct answer ITP, drug-induced (heparin),
chemotherapy, viral infections.
Signs of thrombocytopenia - correct answer Petechiae, purpura, gum bleeding, nosebleeds,
menorrhagia, hematuria.
Diagnosis of thrombocytopenia - correct answer Low platelet count on CBC; normal coag
studies in ITP.
Hypovolemic shock - correct answer A life-threatening condition caused by loss of >20% of
blood or fluid, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood.
Main causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Hemorrhage, severe dehydration, plasma
loss.
Examples of hemorrhagic causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Trauma, GI bleeding,
surgery.
Examples of fluid loss causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Vomiting, diarrhea,
heatstroke, burns.
Examples of plasma loss causes of hypovolemic shock - correct answer Burns, pancreatitis.
Neurologic symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Anxiety, restlessness,
confusion, altered mental status.
Cardiovascular symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Tachycardia,
weak/thready pulse, hypotension.
Respiratory symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Tachypnea, shallow
breathing.
Skin symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Pale, cool, clammy skin; delayed
capillary refill.
Urinary symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Decreased urine output (<30
mL/hr).
GI symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - correct answer Thirst, nausea, dry mucous
membranes.
Disorders of coagulation - correct answer Conditions that impair blood's ability to clot, causing
excessive bleeding or thrombosis.
Bleeding disorders - correct answer Disorders characterized by insufficient clot formation.
Hemophilia A - correct answer A bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of Factor VIII.
Symptoms of Hemophilia A - correct answer Hemarthrosis, deep muscle bleeding, prolonged
bleeding after injury.
Hemophilia B - correct answer Also known as Christmas disease; caused by Factor IX deficiency.
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) - correct answer Caused by deficiency or dysfunction of von
Willebrand Factor (vWF).
, Symptoms of vWD - correct answer Mucosal bleeding, menorrhagia, easy bruising.
Vitamin K deficiency - correct answer Leads to bleeding due to lack of clotting factors II, VII, IX,
and X.
Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency - correct answer GI bleeding, prolonged prothrombin time
(PT).
Liver disease effect on coagulation - correct answer Reduces clotting factor production, causing
bleeding and elevated PT/INR.
Hemophilia definition - correct answer Genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in Factor
VIII or IX.
Type of Hemophilia A - correct answer Factor VIII deficiency.
Type of Hemophilia B - correct answer Factor IX deficiency.
Cause of hemophilia - correct answer X-linked recessive; primarily affects males.
General signs of hemophilia - correct answer Prolonged bleeding, hemarthrosis, bruising,
hematuria, GI bleeding.
Diagnosis of hemophilia - correct answer Prolonged aPTT, normal PT/platelets, factor assay for
deficiency.
Treatment for hemophilia A - correct answer Factor VIII replacement, Desmopressin for mild
cases.
Treatment for hemophilia B - correct answer Factor IX replacement.
Hemophilia nursing care - correct answer Prevent trauma, monitor bleeding, soft toothbrush,
electric razor, teach factor self-injection.
Medications to avoid with hemophilia - correct answer Aspirin and NSAIDs.
Thrombocytopenia - correct answer A condition marked by a platelet count <150,000/mm³,
increasing bleeding risk.
Common causes of thrombocytopenia - correct answer ITP, drug-induced (heparin),
chemotherapy, viral infections.
Signs of thrombocytopenia - correct answer Petechiae, purpura, gum bleeding, nosebleeds,
menorrhagia, hematuria.
Diagnosis of thrombocytopenia - correct answer Low platelet count on CBC; normal coag
studies in ITP.
