VATI Med-Surg pre-assessment Exam Questions AND Correct
Answers
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client
who reports substernal chest pain and dyspnea. The client is
vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory
tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all
that apply)
A. Troponin I
B. Troponin T
C. Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. CPK
E. Myoglobin - ✔✔A. Troponin I
B. Troponin T
D. CPK
E. Myoglobin
Troponin I is a myocardial muscle protein that is released
when there is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as
early as 2 to 3 hr following a myocardial infarction. Troponin
T is a myocardial muscle protein that is released when there
is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2
to 3 hr following a myocardial infarction. CPK, or creatine
phosphokinase, is an enzyme that is elevated in the presence
of muscle injury. Although CPK is not specific for myocardial
damage, it is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests
to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A CPK
,isoenzyme, CK-MB, is specific to cardiac muscle and a
significant elevation in this isoenzyme indicates a myocardial
infarction has occurred. Elevation of myoglobin indicates
myocardial injury. Myoglobin levels will significantly increase
within approximately 3 hours following myocardial infarction.
This test is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests to
support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which
of the following findings is a manifestation of this diagnosis?
A. Hypertension
B. Bounding peripheral pulses
C. Tachycardia
D. Hyperglycemia - ✔✔C. Tachycardia
Tachycardia is a manifestation of diabetes insipidus due to
dehydration from fluid loss. Hypotension is a manifestation of
diabetes insipidus. Weak peripheral pulses are a
manifestation of diabetes insipidus.
A nurse is assessing a client who has postoperative atelectasis
and is hypoxic. Which of the following manifestations should
the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia
, B. Bradypnea
C. Lethargy
D. Intercostal retrations - ✔✔D. Intercostal retrations
Hypoxia is a condition in which the tissues of the body are
oxygen-starved. It follows hypoxemia (low oxygen in the
blood) and is manifested as substernal or intercostal
retractions as the body works harder to draw more oxygen
into the lungs. A client who is hypoxic is more likely to have
tachycardia than bradycardia.
A nurse is assessing a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus
and finds the client lying in bed, sweating, and reporting
feeling anxious. Which of the following complications should
the nurse expect?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Nephropathy
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Ketoacidosis - ✔✔A. Hypoglycemia
Manifestations of hypoglycemia include sweating,
tachycardia, tremors, palpitations, hunger, and anxiety.
Manifestations of nephropathy include hypertension,
microalbuminuria, and elevated uric acid levels.
Answers
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client
who reports substernal chest pain and dyspnea. The client is
vomiting and is diaphoretic. Which of the following laboratory
tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction? (Select all
that apply)
A. Troponin I
B. Troponin T
C. Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. CPK
E. Myoglobin - ✔✔A. Troponin I
B. Troponin T
D. CPK
E. Myoglobin
Troponin I is a myocardial muscle protein that is released
when there is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as
early as 2 to 3 hr following a myocardial infarction. Troponin
T is a myocardial muscle protein that is released when there
is injury to cardiac muscle. Levels are elevated as early as 2
to 3 hr following a myocardial infarction. CPK, or creatine
phosphokinase, is an enzyme that is elevated in the presence
of muscle injury. Although CPK is not specific for myocardial
damage, it is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests
to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A CPK
,isoenzyme, CK-MB, is specific to cardiac muscle and a
significant elevation in this isoenzyme indicates a myocardial
infarction has occurred. Elevation of myoglobin indicates
myocardial injury. Myoglobin levels will significantly increase
within approximately 3 hours following myocardial infarction.
This test is used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests to
support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which
of the following findings is a manifestation of this diagnosis?
A. Hypertension
B. Bounding peripheral pulses
C. Tachycardia
D. Hyperglycemia - ✔✔C. Tachycardia
Tachycardia is a manifestation of diabetes insipidus due to
dehydration from fluid loss. Hypotension is a manifestation of
diabetes insipidus. Weak peripheral pulses are a
manifestation of diabetes insipidus.
A nurse is assessing a client who has postoperative atelectasis
and is hypoxic. Which of the following manifestations should
the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia
, B. Bradypnea
C. Lethargy
D. Intercostal retrations - ✔✔D. Intercostal retrations
Hypoxia is a condition in which the tissues of the body are
oxygen-starved. It follows hypoxemia (low oxygen in the
blood) and is manifested as substernal or intercostal
retractions as the body works harder to draw more oxygen
into the lungs. A client who is hypoxic is more likely to have
tachycardia than bradycardia.
A nurse is assessing a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus
and finds the client lying in bed, sweating, and reporting
feeling anxious. Which of the following complications should
the nurse expect?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Nephropathy
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Ketoacidosis - ✔✔A. Hypoglycemia
Manifestations of hypoglycemia include sweating,
tachycardia, tremors, palpitations, hunger, and anxiety.
Manifestations of nephropathy include hypertension,
microalbuminuria, and elevated uric acid levels.
