What is hyponatremia and the causes and manifestations
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, Sodium deficit
Causes
sweating, vomiting
administration of more water than kidneys can excrete
Manifestations
muscle cramps, weakness, fatique
Lysosomes
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contain enzymes for digesting cellular substances to their basic form, such
as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars)
cell injury leads to release of lysosomal enzymes that cause cellular self-
destruction
What is a subdural hematoma
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Often a tear in the arachnoid, venous blood accumulates between dura and
pia mater, collects in subdural space
can be Acute (24hrs) Subacute (2-10 days) or Chronic (several weeks after
injury)
What are the two types of spinal cord injuries?
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, Primary- occurs at time of injury, irreversible; gray matter with
hemorrhages, edema, then necrosis of neural tissue
from partial cord injury, hemisectional injury, or transectional injury
Secondary- end result is a progression in neurologic damage due to
inflammation- edema- increased pressure
Diffusion
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gas and other substances move- from an area of greater concentration to
area of lesser concentration
Effects of Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency)
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Carbohydrate metabolism is affected as insulin secretion is depressed
renal function is impaired, decreased ability to concentrate urine: polyuria
(increased urine) and polydipsia (increased thirst)
Heart palpitations as well- weak, irregular pulse
What are some Metabolic acids?
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, Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Lactic acid/lactate
Ketoacids
What is doubling time
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time for the total mass of cells to increase by 100%
What is the main purpose and location of IgG
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'2nd responder', most common type (original Gangster)
in blood/CSF/lymph,
only one to cross placenta
Ribosomal RNA
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Site of actual protein synthesis is in the ribosome which has equal parts of
protein and rRNA
Give this one a try later!
, Sodium deficit
Causes
sweating, vomiting
administration of more water than kidneys can excrete
Manifestations
muscle cramps, weakness, fatique
Lysosomes
Give this one a try later!
contain enzymes for digesting cellular substances to their basic form, such
as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars)
cell injury leads to release of lysosomal enzymes that cause cellular self-
destruction
What is a subdural hematoma
Give this one a try later!
Often a tear in the arachnoid, venous blood accumulates between dura and
pia mater, collects in subdural space
can be Acute (24hrs) Subacute (2-10 days) or Chronic (several weeks after
injury)
What are the two types of spinal cord injuries?
Give this one a try later!
, Primary- occurs at time of injury, irreversible; gray matter with
hemorrhages, edema, then necrosis of neural tissue
from partial cord injury, hemisectional injury, or transectional injury
Secondary- end result is a progression in neurologic damage due to
inflammation- edema- increased pressure
Diffusion
Give this one a try later!
gas and other substances move- from an area of greater concentration to
area of lesser concentration
Effects of Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency)
Give this one a try later!
Carbohydrate metabolism is affected as insulin secretion is depressed
renal function is impaired, decreased ability to concentrate urine: polyuria
(increased urine) and polydipsia (increased thirst)
Heart palpitations as well- weak, irregular pulse
What are some Metabolic acids?
Give this one a try later!
, Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Lactic acid/lactate
Ketoacids
What is doubling time
Give this one a try later!
time for the total mass of cells to increase by 100%
What is the main purpose and location of IgG
Give this one a try later!
'2nd responder', most common type (original Gangster)
in blood/CSF/lymph,
only one to cross placenta
Ribosomal RNA
Give this one a try later!
Site of actual protein synthesis is in the ribosome which has equal parts of
protein and rRNA
