PSYC 300 Test Questions Well Answered Latest Update

PSYC 300 Test Questions Well Answered Latest Update Name the 7 major perspectives in Psychology - Answers Psychodynamic Perspective Behavioral Perspective Cognitive Perspective Biological Perspective Cross cultural Perspective Evolutionary Perspective Humanistic Perspective Paul Bloom discussed a study where researchers were interested in what types of images would Rhesus Monkeys "pay" to see. Describe this study, it's findings, and the take-home message that can be applied to society. - Answers This study involved showing pornography to Rhesus Monkeys and the question was, would the monkeys pay to see porn. Obviously, monkeys don't have money like we do but instead the monkey had a choice. They could stare at a picture or turn and sip orange juice, which is something they loved. The researchers were trying to figure out what pictures the monkeys would give up their orange juice for. Researchers found they would give it up for two pictures, one being the behinds of female Rhesus monkeys and the faces of high status male monkeys. This study showed that two of the major human vices, pornography and celebrity worship are not uniquely human. In today's world, many people are obsessed with the lives of celebrities and who they are with or dating. In this experiment, the monkeys wanted to look at monkeys with a high status because they have food, power, and sexual magnetism that the others want. For humans, we idolize celebrities because they have power, money, and status which we want. Researchers are interested in how students self-esteem is affected by their course work. They conduct an experiment using 3 undergraduate psychology courses; Class #1 uses only quizzes for the course assessment; Class #2 uses only Thought Papers; Class #3 uses only a single comprehensive final exam. What is the Dependent Variable? What is the Independent Variable(s)? - Answers DV = Self-esteem IV = Coursework Based on the research discussed by Paul Bloom, women tend to rate male faces that are more "masculine" (strong, chiseled features / "testosterone man") as more attractive while they are ovulating. - Answers true In a classic study, David Buss tested people from 30 different cultures around the world and asked "who is your perfect mate?" He discovered that the #1 quality that people were looking for in a mate was - Answers kindness? Claude Steele's research on Stereotype Threat reveals that - Answers words have a powerful impact on how we perceive our our ability to succeed?? The father of modern psychology is: - Answers Wilhelm Wundt What are the four goals of Psychology? - Answers describe, explain, predict, change Psyche is the Greek word for ______. - Answers soul In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) - Answers testable prediction When everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study, this is _______________. - Answers random sampling This philosopher was one of the first great thinkers that laid foundations for the study of psychology; he was skeptical that technology of his time (writing ideas on parchment) would diminish people's ability to remember because they would rely on written records rather than committing information to memory. - Answers Socrates Freud was famous for his role in establishing the "talking cure" (talk therapy); the basis for his theories of psychoanalysis and the stages of psycho-sexual development were derived from his observational research of his patients, which came to be known as _______ - Answers case studies Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology that established a psychology degree program at Howard University? - Answers Francis Cecil Sumner Any research institution that receives federal support for research involving human participants must have access to a(n) _______________________ to ensure that the research is ethical and has met the appropriate scholastic standards for publication. - Answers Institutional Review Board (IRB) Peer-review ensures that research is described clearly enough to allow other scientists to __________ the study with different samples and thus determine it has appropriate __________. - Answers replicate; reliability Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables? - Answers -.90 Philip Zimbardo and Stanley Milgram were Social Psychologists interested in studying the power of the situation on peoples thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. - Answers True Humanistic psychologists Maslow and Rogers differed from Freud and the Neo-Freudians in many ways, especially their belief that - Answers we should focus on the basic goodness of human beings and our potential for growth as important in establishing a positive sense of self. What method of research would you use to see if GPA and study time were related? - Answers Correlational Researchers must ________ constructs in their studies so there is a clear understanding of how those constructs are defined. - Answers operationalize Freud's theories have been largely debunked and/or discredited largely because they - Answers were not testable John Locke posited that we are all born with tabula rasa (a blank slate), which serves as one side of Psychology's oldest debate regarding how we develop and what motivates our actions. What is this debate and what side does Locke's position represent? - Answers Nature versus Nurture; Nurture In the context of social identity, a group of people who share a sense of belonging or a feeling of common identity is called a(n) ______________; a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their own group is called a(n) _______________; - Answers ingroup; outgroup Professor Bloom discussed research he was involved in where they were interested in how disgust affects our opinions of out-groups. He and his colleagues brought participants into the lab and asked them their opinions of various groups (immigrants, African-Americans, male homosexuals, etc.); the experimental group participants were seated in a room that smelled awful, while the control group environment didn't experience any manipulation. The two conditions revealed a statistically significant difference in the degree of disgust felt towards out-groups. Which of the following statements could be a take-home message from this research? - Answers if we improve the material lives of people so they experience less discomfort, perhaps we'd have a more compassionate society Which of the following terms denotes what we know and believe about ourselves? - Answers self-concept Ron remembers Phil's birthday which is in the same month as his but fails to recall Alex's birthday which is in a different month. Though both of them are his friends, Ron's ability to recall Phil's birthday but not Alex's can be best explained through the concept of - Answers self-schema Which statement is most accurate regarding self-analysis? - Answers We are unaware of much that goes on in our minds. Freud believed that we were motivated by two things, what are they? - Answers sex and aggression Who is credited as the author of the first theory of personality, which believed that bodily fluids affected temperament - Answers Hippocrates Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs based the MBTI off of which psychologists theories? - Answers Carl Jung