Advanced Pharmacology – Care of the Fundamentals Exam – NR 565 / NR565 (Chamberlain University, 2025/2026) | Verified Questions and Correct Answers | Grade A

Advanced Pharmacology – Care of the
Fundamentals Exam – NR565 / NR 565 –
Chamberlain University (2025/2026) |
Verified Questions and Correct Answers |
Grade A
Instructions: This exam contains 100 multiple-choice questions covering fundamental
pharmacology principles, drug classifications, mechanisms of action, side effects, and nursing
considerations. Each question includes four answer choices, the correct answer in RED, and a
detailed rationale. Questions are separated by horizontal lines for clarity.



Question 1
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers?
A. Vasodilation
B. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
C. Increased heart rate
D. Diuresis
Correct Answer: B. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
Rationale: Beta-blockers antagonize beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and
contractility. Vasodilation (A) is alpha-blocker, increased heart rate (C) opposite, diuresis (D)
diuretic.



Question 2
Which drug class is used to treat hypertension by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE)?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: C. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) block angiotensin II formation, reducing
vasoconstriction. Beta-blockers (A) reduce heart rate, calcium channel blockers (B) relax vessels,
diuretics (D) reduce volume.

,Question 3
What is a common side effect of loop diuretics like furosemide?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics promote potassium excretion in urine. Hyperkalemia (A) is
potassium-sparing diuretic effect, hypernatremia (C) and hypocalcemia (D) less common.



Question 4
The order is for 500 mg of amoxicillin PO q8h. The pharmacy supplies amoxicillin 250 mg/5
mL. How many milliliters per dose?
A. 5 mL
B. 10 mL
C. 15 mL
D. 20 mL
Correct Answer: B. 10 mL
Rationale: Desired = 500 mg. Concentration = 250 mg/5 mL = 50 mg/mL. Volume = =
10 mL.



Question 5
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergy?
A. Penicillin
B. Sulfamethoxazole
C. Cephalexin
D. Clindamycin
Correct Answer: B. Sulfamethoxazole
Rationale: Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide. Penicillin (A), cephalexin (C), and clindamycin
(D) are not sulfa-based.



Question 6
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?
A. 0.5–1.5 ng/mL
B. 1.5–2.5 ng/mL
C. 2.5–3.5 ng/mL
D. 3.5–4.5 ng/mL
Correct Answer: A. 0.5–1.5 ng/mL
Rationale: Digoxin therapeutic range is 0.5–2.0 ng/mL for heart failure, but 0.5–1.5 for atrial
fibrillation. Higher levels risk toxicity.

, Question 7
A client weighs 60 kg. The dose is 2 mg/kg of a medication. How many milligrams?
A. 60 mg
B. 120 mg
C. 180 mg
D. 240 mg
Correct Answer: B. 120 mg
Rationale: Dose = 2 mg/kg × 60 kg = 120 mg.



Question 8
Which class of drugs is used to treat acid reflux by blocking histamine H2 receptors?
A. Proton pump inhibitors
B. H2 receptor antagonists
C. Antacids
D. Prokinetics
Correct Answer: B. H2 receptor antagonists
Rationale: H2 antagonists (e.g., ranitidine) reduce acid secretion. PPIs (A) block proton pumps,
antacids (C) neutralize acid, prokinetics (D) enhance motility.



Question 9
The order is for 1000 mL of NS to infuse over 8 hours. Drop factor is 15 gtt/mL. What is the
flow rate?
A. 31 gtt/min
B. 41 gtt/min
C. 51 gtt/min
D. 61 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A. 31 gtt/min
Rationale: mL/hr = = 125 mL/hr. gtt/min = (125 × 15) / 60 = 31.25 ≈ 31 gtt/min.



Question 10
What is a common side effect of opioids?
A. Hypertension
B. Constipation
C. Tachycardia
D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: B. Constipation
Rationale: Opioids slow GI motility, causing constipation. Hypertension (A) and tachycardia
(C) are opposite, hyperglycemia (D) is not typical.