, Why was protein thought to be the genetic material? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins
catalyze reactions, regulate gene expressions, and enable cells to move &
communicate, which acts as the "instructions" genetic material consists of.
What early evidence was there that DNA was the genetic material? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-The discovery of DNA structure revealed how DNA might be copied &
replicated, which gave clues about how DNA might encode the "instructions" for making
proteins.
Why was the genetic material called "Transforming Activity"? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
By continuing Griffith's research, Oswald Avery discovered that harmless bacteria could
be "transformed" into a lethal form by exposure to a pathogenic form, leading to
permanent changes in DNA.
Know the structure of a nucleotide. Know the structure of its three components. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A nucleotide is composed of a 5-C sugar attached to 1 or more
phosphate groups and a nitrogen-containing base. Backbone is repeating sugar-
phosphate-sugar-phosphate.
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Double helix
twisting that allows major/minor grooves; small groove (minor) separates each large
groove (major).
What is Chromatin? Euchromatin? Heterochromatin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Chromatin = combination of DNA and protein that makes up the nucleus of the cell.
• Euchromatin = uncondensed form of interchromatin that helps in replication.
• Heterochromatin = heavily condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive
during interphase.
What are the three levels of chromatin (DNA) structure? What structural features does
each of these levels include? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) Naked DNA: Long chained
double-helix
2) "Beads on a string" (DNA wrapped nucleosomes) - Strands of DNA wrapped around
histone proteins.
3) 30nm fiber - nucleosomes compacted tightly together by an H1 protein
What is a histone? - CORRECT ANSWERS-One of two types of proteins that orders
DNA into structural subunit called nucleosomes.
What are the structural components of a nucleosome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• 8
histone proteins & 147 nucleotide chain of DNA
• Bead-like structure that makes up chromatin
What are the five classes of histones found in nucleosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
catalyze reactions, regulate gene expressions, and enable cells to move &
communicate, which acts as the "instructions" genetic material consists of.
What early evidence was there that DNA was the genetic material? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-The discovery of DNA structure revealed how DNA might be copied &
replicated, which gave clues about how DNA might encode the "instructions" for making
proteins.
Why was the genetic material called "Transforming Activity"? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
By continuing Griffith's research, Oswald Avery discovered that harmless bacteria could
be "transformed" into a lethal form by exposure to a pathogenic form, leading to
permanent changes in DNA.
Know the structure of a nucleotide. Know the structure of its three components. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A nucleotide is composed of a 5-C sugar attached to 1 or more
phosphate groups and a nitrogen-containing base. Backbone is repeating sugar-
phosphate-sugar-phosphate.
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Double helix
twisting that allows major/minor grooves; small groove (minor) separates each large
groove (major).
What is Chromatin? Euchromatin? Heterochromatin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Chromatin = combination of DNA and protein that makes up the nucleus of the cell.
• Euchromatin = uncondensed form of interchromatin that helps in replication.
• Heterochromatin = heavily condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive
during interphase.
What are the three levels of chromatin (DNA) structure? What structural features does
each of these levels include? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) Naked DNA: Long chained
double-helix
2) "Beads on a string" (DNA wrapped nucleosomes) - Strands of DNA wrapped around
histone proteins.
3) 30nm fiber - nucleosomes compacted tightly together by an H1 protein
What is a histone? - CORRECT ANSWERS-One of two types of proteins that orders
DNA into structural subunit called nucleosomes.
What are the structural components of a nucleosome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• 8
histone proteins & 147 nucleotide chain of DNA
• Bead-like structure that makes up chromatin
What are the five classes of histones found in nucleosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
