BIO-1223 Final Exam Review Questions And
Correct Answers
The Earth is a ______ system - ANSWER Closed
(debatable but whatever little miss textbook)
Homologous Structures - ANSWER Structures in different species that are similar
because of common ancestry.
Analogous Structures - ANSWER Body parts that share a common function, but not
structure nor ancestry.
-Coincides with convergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution - ANSWER Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.
-Usually because it's a handy trait to have, like flying in both birds and bugs
Mechanisms of Evolution - ANSWER -Mutation
-Gene flow
-Genetic drift
-Natural selection
Mutations - ANSWER Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity.
Gene Flow - ANSWER Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the
migration.
, Genetic Drift - ANSWER A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of
chance events rather than natural selection.
-Bottleneck Effect
-Founder Effect
Bottleneck Effect - ANSWER Due to a random catastrophic event, only a select few
members of a population remain and the new gene pool is very small and undiverse.
Founder Effect - ANSWER Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become
isolated from a larger population and form a new population.
Importance of the fossil record - ANSWER -shows progress of species
-shows relatedness of species
-gives evidence of transitional organisms
-provides evidence for when extinctions occured
Isotopic dating - ANSWER Determining the age of a rock or mineral through its
radioactive elements and mass in correlation with # of half-lives
-Isotopes like Carbon-14
Speciation - ANSWER Formation of new species
Community - ANSWER All the different populations that live together in an area
Ecosystem - ANSWER A biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment.
-Biotic and abiotic factors in conjunction with another
Population - ANSWER A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in
Correct Answers
The Earth is a ______ system - ANSWER Closed
(debatable but whatever little miss textbook)
Homologous Structures - ANSWER Structures in different species that are similar
because of common ancestry.
Analogous Structures - ANSWER Body parts that share a common function, but not
structure nor ancestry.
-Coincides with convergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution - ANSWER Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.
-Usually because it's a handy trait to have, like flying in both birds and bugs
Mechanisms of Evolution - ANSWER -Mutation
-Gene flow
-Genetic drift
-Natural selection
Mutations - ANSWER Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity.
Gene Flow - ANSWER Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the
migration.
, Genetic Drift - ANSWER A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of
chance events rather than natural selection.
-Bottleneck Effect
-Founder Effect
Bottleneck Effect - ANSWER Due to a random catastrophic event, only a select few
members of a population remain and the new gene pool is very small and undiverse.
Founder Effect - ANSWER Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become
isolated from a larger population and form a new population.
Importance of the fossil record - ANSWER -shows progress of species
-shows relatedness of species
-gives evidence of transitional organisms
-provides evidence for when extinctions occured
Isotopic dating - ANSWER Determining the age of a rock or mineral through its
radioactive elements and mass in correlation with # of half-lives
-Isotopes like Carbon-14
Speciation - ANSWER Formation of new species
Community - ANSWER All the different populations that live together in an area
Ecosystem - ANSWER A biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment.
-Biotic and abiotic factors in conjunction with another
Population - ANSWER A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in
