Bio 109 Problem Set Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
The growth rings that contribute to the diameter or girth of a tree are the result of:
A. primary growth
B. apical meristems
C. secondary growth
D. Sclerenchyma - Correct answer-C. secondary growth
Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit
rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following structures
best supports this view?
A. the cell wall
B. the vacuole
C. the cell membrane
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,D. the plasmodesmata
E. the cytosol - Correct answer-D. the plasmodesmata
What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves
toward the top of a tree?
A. active transport of ions into the stele
B. atmospheric pressure on roots
C. evaporation of water through stoma
D. osmosis in the root - Correct answer-C. evaporation of water through stoma
A person working with plants may remove apical dominance by doing what to the
plant?
A. Pruning
B. deep watering the roots
C. Fertilizing
D. Transplanting
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,E. playing soft music - Correct answer-A. Pruning
Starting from the tip of a developing root in a typical angiosperm and moving to
the above-ground stem, what is the correct order of structures?
A. root cap, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of cell division, zone of
elongation.
B. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation
(differentiation).
C. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of
elongation.
D. zone of cell division, root cap, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of
elongation.
E. zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation (differentiation),
root cap - Correct answer-B. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation,
zone of maturation (differentiation).
Annual rings are distinct traits in plants growing in:
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, A. temperate regions
B. Grasslands
C. tropical regions
D. arctic regions
E. desert regions - Correct answer-A. temperate regions
Based on the ABC model, what would be the structure of a flower (in a cross-
section of the flower, from the outside to the center) that had normal expression of
genes C and B but lacked expression of gene A?
A. Carpel-petal-petal-carpel
B. Carpel-stamen-stamen-carpel
C. Sepal-petal-petal-sepal
D. Sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel
E. Carpel-stamen-carpel-stamen - Correct answer-B. Carpel-stamen-stamen-carpel
Which of the following phenomena is/are involved in the ascent of xylem sap?
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Questions and Answers
The growth rings that contribute to the diameter or girth of a tree are the result of:
A. primary growth
B. apical meristems
C. secondary growth
D. Sclerenchyma - Correct answer-C. secondary growth
Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit
rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following structures
best supports this view?
A. the cell wall
B. the vacuole
C. the cell membrane
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,D. the plasmodesmata
E. the cytosol - Correct answer-D. the plasmodesmata
What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves
toward the top of a tree?
A. active transport of ions into the stele
B. atmospheric pressure on roots
C. evaporation of water through stoma
D. osmosis in the root - Correct answer-C. evaporation of water through stoma
A person working with plants may remove apical dominance by doing what to the
plant?
A. Pruning
B. deep watering the roots
C. Fertilizing
D. Transplanting
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,E. playing soft music - Correct answer-A. Pruning
Starting from the tip of a developing root in a typical angiosperm and moving to
the above-ground stem, what is the correct order of structures?
A. root cap, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of cell division, zone of
elongation.
B. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation
(differentiation).
C. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of
elongation.
D. zone of cell division, root cap, zone of maturation (differentiation), zone of
elongation.
E. zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation (differentiation),
root cap - Correct answer-B. root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation,
zone of maturation (differentiation).
Annual rings are distinct traits in plants growing in:
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, A. temperate regions
B. Grasslands
C. tropical regions
D. arctic regions
E. desert regions - Correct answer-A. temperate regions
Based on the ABC model, what would be the structure of a flower (in a cross-
section of the flower, from the outside to the center) that had normal expression of
genes C and B but lacked expression of gene A?
A. Carpel-petal-petal-carpel
B. Carpel-stamen-stamen-carpel
C. Sepal-petal-petal-sepal
D. Sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel
E. Carpel-stamen-carpel-stamen - Correct answer-B. Carpel-stamen-stamen-carpel
Which of the following phenomena is/are involved in the ascent of xylem sap?
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