ATR 257 EXAM 6 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is the fibula - Answer- primary site for muscle attachment
- no direct articulation with the femur
- bears less weight than the tibia
Parts of the femur - Answer- medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar notch (fossa)
What is the patella - Answer- knee cap
- sesamoid bone
- posterior part fits in the intercondylar notch of the femur
- top and bottom called poles (superior - base, inferior - apex)
Ligaments in the knee - Answer- joint capsule surrounds the joint and adds support
- 2 ligaments are thickened parts of the capsule
- ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) - Answer- connects femur and tibia
- 17cm long
- prevents the tibia from abducting on the femur
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) - Answer- connects femur and fibula
- shorter than MCL
- prevents tibia from adducting on femur
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - Answer- connects femur & tibia
- runs from anterior aspect of lateral tibial condyle posteriorly to the posteromedial
aspect of the medial femoral condyle
- prevents tibia from sliding anteriorly on femur
- prevents excessive tibial IR
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - Answer- connects femur and tibia
- runs from posterior aspect of lateral tibial condyle anteriorly to the anterolateral aspect
of the medial femoral condyle
- prevents tibia from sliding posteriorly on femur
- prevents excessive tibial ER
, Cartilage in the knee - Answer- - articular cartilage (hyaline)
- fibrocartilage
Articular hyaline cartilage - Answer- - all bones, lining surfaces which articulate w/ other
bones
- prevents bone on bone contact
fibrocartilage - Answer- provide shock absorption
- assist with stability
- wider on margins than on the interior edges
- form cups to fit
the curves of the
femoral condyles
- prevents the tibia
from translating
anteriorly on the
femur
where is fibrocartilage in the knee - Answer- - meniscus
- sit on tibial plateaus between tibia and femur
menisci - Answer- Pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones
- medial (C shaped, attaches to MCL)
- lateral (O-shaped)
2 groups of muscles of the knee - Answer- quadriceps
hamstrings
which knee muscles extend the knee - Answer- anterior muscles
what knee muscles flex the knee - Answer- posterior muscles
4 quad muscles - Answer- rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus
medialis
rectus femoris - Answer- crosses the hip and knee
- knee extend, hip flex
vastus medialis - Answer- crosses the knee
- knee extend
- distal part called VMO
vastus lateralis - Answer- crosses the knee
- knee extend
vastus intermedius - Answer- lies underneath rectus femoris
ANSWERS
What is the fibula - Answer- primary site for muscle attachment
- no direct articulation with the femur
- bears less weight than the tibia
Parts of the femur - Answer- medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar notch (fossa)
What is the patella - Answer- knee cap
- sesamoid bone
- posterior part fits in the intercondylar notch of the femur
- top and bottom called poles (superior - base, inferior - apex)
Ligaments in the knee - Answer- joint capsule surrounds the joint and adds support
- 2 ligaments are thickened parts of the capsule
- ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) - Answer- connects femur and tibia
- 17cm long
- prevents the tibia from abducting on the femur
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) - Answer- connects femur and fibula
- shorter than MCL
- prevents tibia from adducting on femur
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - Answer- connects femur & tibia
- runs from anterior aspect of lateral tibial condyle posteriorly to the posteromedial
aspect of the medial femoral condyle
- prevents tibia from sliding anteriorly on femur
- prevents excessive tibial IR
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - Answer- connects femur and tibia
- runs from posterior aspect of lateral tibial condyle anteriorly to the anterolateral aspect
of the medial femoral condyle
- prevents tibia from sliding posteriorly on femur
- prevents excessive tibial ER
, Cartilage in the knee - Answer- - articular cartilage (hyaline)
- fibrocartilage
Articular hyaline cartilage - Answer- - all bones, lining surfaces which articulate w/ other
bones
- prevents bone on bone contact
fibrocartilage - Answer- provide shock absorption
- assist with stability
- wider on margins than on the interior edges
- form cups to fit
the curves of the
femoral condyles
- prevents the tibia
from translating
anteriorly on the
femur
where is fibrocartilage in the knee - Answer- - meniscus
- sit on tibial plateaus between tibia and femur
menisci - Answer- Pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones
- medial (C shaped, attaches to MCL)
- lateral (O-shaped)
2 groups of muscles of the knee - Answer- quadriceps
hamstrings
which knee muscles extend the knee - Answer- anterior muscles
what knee muscles flex the knee - Answer- posterior muscles
4 quad muscles - Answer- rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus
medialis
rectus femoris - Answer- crosses the hip and knee
- knee extend, hip flex
vastus medialis - Answer- crosses the knee
- knee extend
- distal part called VMO
vastus lateralis - Answer- crosses the knee
- knee extend
vastus intermedius - Answer- lies underneath rectus femoris
