, Test Bank, Chapter 1 qy qy qy
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
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(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
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o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
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ss and passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
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o accommodate lower oxygen levels
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(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
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2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
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(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolution
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(c) are the result of natural selection
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(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
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3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
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(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
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(b) are homologous traits
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(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d whales
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(d) all are correct
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(e) none are correct qy qy
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
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(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
like teeth or baleen
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(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
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(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
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of extinct land mammals
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(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
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5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
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(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
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(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth qy
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
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(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales
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(b) DNA evidence qy
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
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of time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above
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7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
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(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
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(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
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or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
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(c) changes in sea temperature qy qy qy
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
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(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
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8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
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o rapidly:
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(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above qy qy qy
(e) all of the above
qy qy qy
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
g resistance in a virus:
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(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
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be resistant qy
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
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his virion qy
(d) all of the above
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10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
n would be inaccurate if:
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(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages
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(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
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(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
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(d) none of the above qy qy qy
, 11. New mutations: qy
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
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(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
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(c) are rare in a population
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all are correct
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12. Evolution occurs when: qy qy
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
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(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from o
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ne generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct qy qy qy qy qy
Short answer/essay.
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1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
n stop growing.
qy qy
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sen
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
se if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
q y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
qy qy qy qy qy qy
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotope
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutro
qy qy qy qy q y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ns (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thu
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy q y
s, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiti
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ng freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determi
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ne whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ss and passed the trait to their offspring
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
o accommodate lower oxygen levels
qy qy qy qy
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(a) are homologous traits
qy qy
(b) arose through convergent evolution
qy qy qy
(c) are the result of natural selection
qy qy qy qy qy
(d) b and c are correct
qy qy qy qy
(e) all are correct
qy qy
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
qy qy qy qy qy
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) are homologous traits
qy qy
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d whales
qy
(d) all are correct
qy qy
(e) none are correct qy qy
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
qy qy qy qy
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
like teeth or baleen
qy qy qy
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
of extinct land mammals
qy qy qy
(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
qy qy qy qy
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
qy qy qy
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
qy qy qy qy
(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth qy
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales
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(b) DNA evidence qy
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
of time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above
qy qy qy
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(c) changes in sea temperature qy qy qy
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
qy qy qy qy qy
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
o rapidly:
qy
(a) they have a high mutation rate
qy qy qy qy qy
(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above qy qy qy
(e) all of the above
qy qy qy
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
g resistance in a virus:
qy qy qy qy
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
be resistant qy
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
his virion qy
(d) all of the above
qy qy qy
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
n would be inaccurate if:
qy qy qy qy
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(d) none of the above qy qy qy
, 11. New mutations: qy
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(c) are rare in a population
qy qy qy qy
(d) a and b are correct
qy qy qy qy
(e) all are correct
qy qy
12. Evolution occurs when: qy qy
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from o
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ne generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct qy qy qy qy qy
Short answer/essay.
qy
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
n stop growing.
qy qy
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sen
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
se if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
qy qy qy qy qy
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
q y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
qy qy qy qy qy qy
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotope
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutro
qy qy qy qy q y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ns (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thu
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy q y
s, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiti
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ng freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determi
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ne whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
