NBCE PhT Study Guide Exam
Questions with Solved Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Target Heart Rate Equation - Answer 220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 (estimated max. heart
rate)
Max heart rate - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140 x .75(HR range .6-.9) + 60(resting heart rate) =
Target heart rate
William's Approach - Answer - Premise is that cause of most low back pain is acquired by
walking upright in a straight position
- Williams states that normal posture is with *knees bent and torso slightly bent forward*
- All activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis
William Flexion Exercises - Answer
Mckenzie Approach - Answer Spinal assessment and therapy based on the behavior of pain
and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading
- *Promotes Spinal Extension*
Postural Pain Syndrome - Answer end range stress of normal structures
Dysfunction Pain Syndrome - Answer end range stress leading to contracted or adherent
structures
Deranged Pain Syndrome - Answer Anatomical Disruption or Displacement of Structure
(Herniated Disc)
Plyometrics - Answer Exercises in which muscles exert maximum force in short intervals of
time, with the goal of increasing power
3 Phases of Plyometric - Answer Stretch-Shortening Cycle
1) Start - Eccentric
,Recover Care Management - Answer After four weeks
What type of muscle fibers do Sprinters use? - Answer - Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers
- White fibers
- Glycogen (Anaerobic metabolism)
What type of Muscle fibers do endurance runners use? - Answer - Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers
- Red Fibers Myoglobin
- Mitochondria driven (More Vascular & Oxygen Consumption)
Open Chain Exercises - Answer Movements in which hands or feet are not in a fixed position &
the force applied by the body is great enough to overcome the resistance (such as dumbbells or
barbells)
Examples: bench press, lat pull-down, machine leg extension
Closed Chain Exercises - Answer motions in which the body moves on a distal segment that is
*fixed or stabilized on a support surface*; Performed in weight-bearing positions
Closed Chain vs. Open Chain Exercises - Answer
Lower Crossed Syndrome - Answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by an
anterior tilt to the pelvis (arched lower back)
Upper Crossed Syndrome - Answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by a forward
head and rounded shoulders.
Muscles that are tight in LCS? - Answer *iGREAT*
Iliopsoas
Gastroc + Soleus
Rectus Femoris
Erector Spinae
, What Structural Problems occur in LCS? - Answer 1) AS Pelvis
2) Hyperlordosis of Lumbar (Erector Spinae)
3) Hyperextension of Knees (Rectus Femoris)
4) Hip Flexion (Iliopsoas)
LCS - Iliopsoas - Answer *Flexes* Hip joint by drawing trunk into the femur
LCS - Rectus Femoris - Answer - Quads Extends Knee
- Rectus Femoris Flexes at Hip Joint (Secondary)
LCS - TFL - Answer - Adducts Flexes, and Medially Rotates the Hips
LCS - Erector Spinae - Answer - Extension of Lower Thoracic Area
- Draws Ribs downward
Weak/Inhibited muscles in LCS? - Answer *gGROH*
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Rectus Abdominus
Oblique
Hamstring
Oblique Abdominals - Answer 1) *Bilateral*
- Flexes Vertebral Column; Support & Compress Ab viscera
2) *Unilateral*
- Rotates Vertebral Column; Brings Thorax forward or Pelvis Backwards
Glute Max - Answer -EXTENDS and laterally rotates hip joint
-lower fibers assist in aDduction
-upper fibers assist in aBduction
Questions with Solved Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Target Heart Rate Equation - Answer 220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 (estimated max. heart
rate)
Max heart rate - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140 x .75(HR range .6-.9) + 60(resting heart rate) =
Target heart rate
William's Approach - Answer - Premise is that cause of most low back pain is acquired by
walking upright in a straight position
- Williams states that normal posture is with *knees bent and torso slightly bent forward*
- All activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis
William Flexion Exercises - Answer
Mckenzie Approach - Answer Spinal assessment and therapy based on the behavior of pain
and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading
- *Promotes Spinal Extension*
Postural Pain Syndrome - Answer end range stress of normal structures
Dysfunction Pain Syndrome - Answer end range stress leading to contracted or adherent
structures
Deranged Pain Syndrome - Answer Anatomical Disruption or Displacement of Structure
(Herniated Disc)
Plyometrics - Answer Exercises in which muscles exert maximum force in short intervals of
time, with the goal of increasing power
3 Phases of Plyometric - Answer Stretch-Shortening Cycle
1) Start - Eccentric
,Recover Care Management - Answer After four weeks
What type of muscle fibers do Sprinters use? - Answer - Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers
- White fibers
- Glycogen (Anaerobic metabolism)
What type of Muscle fibers do endurance runners use? - Answer - Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers
- Red Fibers Myoglobin
- Mitochondria driven (More Vascular & Oxygen Consumption)
Open Chain Exercises - Answer Movements in which hands or feet are not in a fixed position &
the force applied by the body is great enough to overcome the resistance (such as dumbbells or
barbells)
Examples: bench press, lat pull-down, machine leg extension
Closed Chain Exercises - Answer motions in which the body moves on a distal segment that is
*fixed or stabilized on a support surface*; Performed in weight-bearing positions
Closed Chain vs. Open Chain Exercises - Answer
Lower Crossed Syndrome - Answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by an
anterior tilt to the pelvis (arched lower back)
Upper Crossed Syndrome - Answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by a forward
head and rounded shoulders.
Muscles that are tight in LCS? - Answer *iGREAT*
Iliopsoas
Gastroc + Soleus
Rectus Femoris
Erector Spinae
, What Structural Problems occur in LCS? - Answer 1) AS Pelvis
2) Hyperlordosis of Lumbar (Erector Spinae)
3) Hyperextension of Knees (Rectus Femoris)
4) Hip Flexion (Iliopsoas)
LCS - Iliopsoas - Answer *Flexes* Hip joint by drawing trunk into the femur
LCS - Rectus Femoris - Answer - Quads Extends Knee
- Rectus Femoris Flexes at Hip Joint (Secondary)
LCS - TFL - Answer - Adducts Flexes, and Medially Rotates the Hips
LCS - Erector Spinae - Answer - Extension of Lower Thoracic Area
- Draws Ribs downward
Weak/Inhibited muscles in LCS? - Answer *gGROH*
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Rectus Abdominus
Oblique
Hamstring
Oblique Abdominals - Answer 1) *Bilateral*
- Flexes Vertebral Column; Support & Compress Ab viscera
2) *Unilateral*
- Rotates Vertebral Column; Brings Thorax forward or Pelvis Backwards
Glute Max - Answer -EXTENDS and laterally rotates hip joint
-lower fibers assist in aDduction
-upper fibers assist in aBduction
