NFSC 100-EXAM 2 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the structure of proteins and amino acids ? - ANS -backbone consisting of a single
carbon, Amine group links with the acidic end of next amino acid
-chemical side chain is attached to the center carbon of the backbone
-AA and proteins with electrically charged side chains are attracted to H2O
-Proteins have convoluted shapes
-Single amino acids with different side chains can bend to form a strand of amino acids
What is an essential Amino Acid?What are the nine essential amino acids? - ANS Cannot be
made by the body, must be consumed through food
-Phenylalalnine
-Valine
-Tryptophan
-Threonine
-Isoleucine
-Methionine
-Histidine
-Leucine
-Lysine
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What are the functions of proteins in the body?How much protein does the average person
need? - ANS DRI for protein depends on body weight and stage of growth, reccommended
.8g/ kg of body weight
-proteins build new tissue, functional unit (enzymes, hormones, antibodies), physiology and
metabolism
What are marasmus and kwashiorkor? What causes each? What are the symptoms? - ANS -
Protein deficiencies
-Marasmus: chronic inadequate food intake, inadequate energy and mineral+protein intake,
person is lean and shriveled
-Kwashiorkor: swollen belly and skin rash, severe acute malnutrition too little protein to
support body functions
Why might a vegetarian diet be healthier than that of a meat eater? Why might it be less
health? - ANS -vegetarian diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic disease, less
obesity, defense against cancer, less heart disease, less high blood pressure, may help prevent
disease, diverticular disease
- vegetarian diets lack iron, zinc, calcium, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D and Vitamin B12
What are the problems associated with protein excess? - ANS obesity, health risks, animal
protein sources have lots of saturated fat, calcium is spilled from urine, higher incidence of hip
fractures, kidney problems
What is a vitamin? Fat soluble vs Water soluble - ANS -essential, organic, not energy-yielding,
micronutrients
-fat soluble: greater body storage, don't need to consume often, travel with protein carriers,
requires bile juice for absorbtion
-water soluble: travel in watery fluids, excreted in urine, less body storage-have to consume
more frequently
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the structure of proteins and amino acids ? - ANS -backbone consisting of a single
carbon, Amine group links with the acidic end of next amino acid
-chemical side chain is attached to the center carbon of the backbone
-AA and proteins with electrically charged side chains are attracted to H2O
-Proteins have convoluted shapes
-Single amino acids with different side chains can bend to form a strand of amino acids
What is an essential Amino Acid?What are the nine essential amino acids? - ANS Cannot be
made by the body, must be consumed through food
-Phenylalalnine
-Valine
-Tryptophan
-Threonine
-Isoleucine
-Methionine
-Histidine
-Leucine
-Lysine
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What are the functions of proteins in the body?How much protein does the average person
need? - ANS DRI for protein depends on body weight and stage of growth, reccommended
.8g/ kg of body weight
-proteins build new tissue, functional unit (enzymes, hormones, antibodies), physiology and
metabolism
What are marasmus and kwashiorkor? What causes each? What are the symptoms? - ANS -
Protein deficiencies
-Marasmus: chronic inadequate food intake, inadequate energy and mineral+protein intake,
person is lean and shriveled
-Kwashiorkor: swollen belly and skin rash, severe acute malnutrition too little protein to
support body functions
Why might a vegetarian diet be healthier than that of a meat eater? Why might it be less
health? - ANS -vegetarian diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic disease, less
obesity, defense against cancer, less heart disease, less high blood pressure, may help prevent
disease, diverticular disease
- vegetarian diets lack iron, zinc, calcium, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D and Vitamin B12
What are the problems associated with protein excess? - ANS obesity, health risks, animal
protein sources have lots of saturated fat, calcium is spilled from urine, higher incidence of hip
fractures, kidney problems
What is a vitamin? Fat soluble vs Water soluble - ANS -essential, organic, not energy-yielding,
micronutrients
-fat soluble: greater body storage, don't need to consume often, travel with protein carriers,
requires bile juice for absorbtion
-water soluble: travel in watery fluids, excreted in urine, less body storage-have to consume
more frequently
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
