Psychology of Trauma Exam 2025
With 100% Correct Answers
GIMBAL - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Maximum thrust, direction, and efficiency. We need
to work together in order to GIMBAL.
Statistical Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Zero inflated regression model, with an
exponential covariance structure, random effects intercept, and "Hot-Deck" imputation
for missing data procedure
What are the two types of disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Natural disasters (acts
of God) and technological disasters (man-made)
What does "fight or flight" do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Increases and mobilizes
energy
- Shuts down long-term projects (such as fighting disease)
- Response designed to operate perfectly in crisis situations (saves your life)
What is post-traumatic growth? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Growing from trauma
Cultural Competence Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Interacting with groups and
understanding all about them and their culture
What is ambiguous loss? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When loss occurs without closure
or clear understanding. It may complicate the process of grieving and can result in
unresolved grief
- The constant strain of living with uncertainty can be correlated with symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and phobias.
What are self-audits? What is an example? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Checking up on
yourself about what's going on. Ex: what is going on in my personal life at the moment?
What is premorbid functioning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How you are doing prior to a
traumatic event does have implications for how you are doing during and after traumatic
events.
What are the coping ABCs? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Awareness: Being attuned to
your needs, limits, emotions, and resources (mindfulness)
Balance: Maintaining balance among work, play, and rest
Connection: Connections to oneself, to loved ones, to colleagues, and to the larger
community (we NEED social support)
,What are the 5 things you can change about your situation immediately? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔1. Know what you are good at and how you cope with things well and USE
that to cope
2. Keep doing what you know to do
3. Critically evaluate your behaviors and attitudes
4. Admit your shortcomings
5. Put your needs first
Oxford dictionary definition of disaster - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Sudden or great
misfortune; complete failure
Norris definition of disaster and the problem - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔"A potentially
traumatic event that is collectively experienced, has an acute onset, and is time
delimited; disasters may be attributed to natural, technological/human causes"
Problem: Fails to distinguish disasters from other adversities
What is a "potentially" traumatic event? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔"potentially"
acknowledge that even though not every disaster may cause death or injury, they all
have the potential to do so.
Impacts of stress on children; what happened in the refugee camps during the reign of
Nicholae Chauchesku? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔All their survival needs were met but
their stress from trauma caused negative outcomes. They had a lack of attachment,
lack of social interaction, and did not get social support (Cortisol activated; they literally
shrunk because of it)
How to make research open to all SES, races, etc. (name a few) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Reps from target groups on the research team
- Know needs and realities of target groups
- Know different cultural beliefs and practices
- Assess & discuss mistrust
- Establish bonds with people in target comm
- Use publicity campaigns directed at minorities
- Use door-to-door subject recruitment
- Have convenient hours of operation
- Have transportation services for participants
- Provide financial assistance, incentives, etc
____ of children reported that a house fire was the most traumatizing event they had
ever experienced. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔3/4
People who have been through trauma are often consumed by the thought that ... -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔It might happen again
_____ of people will be resilient to the stresses of COVID.
Some of these people will experience ... - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔2/3
,renewed purpose and meaning in their lives; helping others get through the pandemic
What are examples of natural disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Floods, fires,
hurricanes
What are examples of technological disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Car
accidents, explosions
What are examples of interpersonal violence? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Bullying,
shootings, rape
What is the egg shell plaintiff? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Saying the person had
problems even before the accident
People who weren't doing well before COVID are at higher risk for _______ problems -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Immunal
What does itrogenic mean? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What you are taking is hurting
you, not helping you
What is the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔They aim to raise the standard of care and improve access to services for
traumatized children, their families, and communities throughout the US.
- Provide clinical services
- Develop new interventions and resource materials
- Offer education and training
What is the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Dedicated to sharing information about the effects of trauma and the
discovery and disseminations of knowledge about policy, program, and service
initiatives that seek to reduce traumatic stressors and their immediate and long-term
consequences.
According to the national comorbidity survey, _____% of men are exposed to disaster -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔19
According to the national comorbidity survey, _____% of women are exposed to
disaster - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔15
What is the rate of PTSD in men? In women? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3.7% men
- 5.4% women
Why are men more likely to be exposed to trauma, but more women develop PTSD? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Men witness death or injury, being involved in a disaster, life-
threatening accidents, physical attacks, combat experience, being threatened, help
captive, and kidnapped.
, BUT
Women experience more PERSONAL attacks such as rape, sexual assault, childhood
parental neglect, and childhood physical abuse.
(The THINGS women experience are just more prone to cause PTSD)
Women exposed to a trauma were _________ as likely as men to develop PTSD -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔More than twice
PTSD after disasters is _________ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔relatively low
Most individuals experience ________ traumatic event(s) in their lifetime - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔at least one
Approximately ________% of survivors will develop PTSD - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔6.8-8.3%
Why are epidemiological studies problematic? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Disasters
are not evenly distributed (floods and storms are more common than hurricanes, for
example)
- In broad surveys, questions only ask if a disaster has occurred, not the type of
disaster.
SO...
Epidemiologic finding could underestimate lifetime prevalence of PTSD
What are the two human-caused agents of destruction subcategories? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔1. Technological accidents
2. Mass violence
Define human-casued technological accidents? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Caused by
neglect, carelessness, failures in technology such as dam collapses or mass
transportation accidents (Planes, trains, automobiles; NO INTENT!)
What are human-caused mass violence? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Disasters caused
by INTENT of malevolence such as shooting sprees or peacetime terrorist attacks. Also
included interpersonal violence/mass violence done intentionally
What type of human caused disaster is more difficult to recover from (From Bolin's
perspective)? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Technological accidents because they
represent callousness, carelessness, and insensitivity. These are also typically followed
by lasting disputes and litigation.
(And natural disasters are typically said to be acts of God)
What is the assumption about whether technological or natural disasters are more
harmful? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Assumption = tech accidents have a greater mental
health impact (this is notwithstanding)
With 100% Correct Answers
GIMBAL - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Maximum thrust, direction, and efficiency. We need
to work together in order to GIMBAL.
Statistical Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Zero inflated regression model, with an
exponential covariance structure, random effects intercept, and "Hot-Deck" imputation
for missing data procedure
What are the two types of disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Natural disasters (acts
of God) and technological disasters (man-made)
What does "fight or flight" do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Increases and mobilizes
energy
- Shuts down long-term projects (such as fighting disease)
- Response designed to operate perfectly in crisis situations (saves your life)
What is post-traumatic growth? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Growing from trauma
Cultural Competence Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Interacting with groups and
understanding all about them and their culture
What is ambiguous loss? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When loss occurs without closure
or clear understanding. It may complicate the process of grieving and can result in
unresolved grief
- The constant strain of living with uncertainty can be correlated with symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and phobias.
What are self-audits? What is an example? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Checking up on
yourself about what's going on. Ex: what is going on in my personal life at the moment?
What is premorbid functioning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How you are doing prior to a
traumatic event does have implications for how you are doing during and after traumatic
events.
What are the coping ABCs? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Awareness: Being attuned to
your needs, limits, emotions, and resources (mindfulness)
Balance: Maintaining balance among work, play, and rest
Connection: Connections to oneself, to loved ones, to colleagues, and to the larger
community (we NEED social support)
,What are the 5 things you can change about your situation immediately? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔1. Know what you are good at and how you cope with things well and USE
that to cope
2. Keep doing what you know to do
3. Critically evaluate your behaviors and attitudes
4. Admit your shortcomings
5. Put your needs first
Oxford dictionary definition of disaster - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Sudden or great
misfortune; complete failure
Norris definition of disaster and the problem - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔"A potentially
traumatic event that is collectively experienced, has an acute onset, and is time
delimited; disasters may be attributed to natural, technological/human causes"
Problem: Fails to distinguish disasters from other adversities
What is a "potentially" traumatic event? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔"potentially"
acknowledge that even though not every disaster may cause death or injury, they all
have the potential to do so.
Impacts of stress on children; what happened in the refugee camps during the reign of
Nicholae Chauchesku? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔All their survival needs were met but
their stress from trauma caused negative outcomes. They had a lack of attachment,
lack of social interaction, and did not get social support (Cortisol activated; they literally
shrunk because of it)
How to make research open to all SES, races, etc. (name a few) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Reps from target groups on the research team
- Know needs and realities of target groups
- Know different cultural beliefs and practices
- Assess & discuss mistrust
- Establish bonds with people in target comm
- Use publicity campaigns directed at minorities
- Use door-to-door subject recruitment
- Have convenient hours of operation
- Have transportation services for participants
- Provide financial assistance, incentives, etc
____ of children reported that a house fire was the most traumatizing event they had
ever experienced. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔3/4
People who have been through trauma are often consumed by the thought that ... -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔It might happen again
_____ of people will be resilient to the stresses of COVID.
Some of these people will experience ... - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔2/3
,renewed purpose and meaning in their lives; helping others get through the pandemic
What are examples of natural disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Floods, fires,
hurricanes
What are examples of technological disasters? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Car
accidents, explosions
What are examples of interpersonal violence? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Bullying,
shootings, rape
What is the egg shell plaintiff? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Saying the person had
problems even before the accident
People who weren't doing well before COVID are at higher risk for _______ problems -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Immunal
What does itrogenic mean? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What you are taking is hurting
you, not helping you
What is the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔They aim to raise the standard of care and improve access to services for
traumatized children, their families, and communities throughout the US.
- Provide clinical services
- Develop new interventions and resource materials
- Offer education and training
What is the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Dedicated to sharing information about the effects of trauma and the
discovery and disseminations of knowledge about policy, program, and service
initiatives that seek to reduce traumatic stressors and their immediate and long-term
consequences.
According to the national comorbidity survey, _____% of men are exposed to disaster -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔19
According to the national comorbidity survey, _____% of women are exposed to
disaster - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔15
What is the rate of PTSD in men? In women? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3.7% men
- 5.4% women
Why are men more likely to be exposed to trauma, but more women develop PTSD? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Men witness death or injury, being involved in a disaster, life-
threatening accidents, physical attacks, combat experience, being threatened, help
captive, and kidnapped.
, BUT
Women experience more PERSONAL attacks such as rape, sexual assault, childhood
parental neglect, and childhood physical abuse.
(The THINGS women experience are just more prone to cause PTSD)
Women exposed to a trauma were _________ as likely as men to develop PTSD -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔More than twice
PTSD after disasters is _________ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔relatively low
Most individuals experience ________ traumatic event(s) in their lifetime - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔at least one
Approximately ________% of survivors will develop PTSD - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔6.8-8.3%
Why are epidemiological studies problematic? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Disasters
are not evenly distributed (floods and storms are more common than hurricanes, for
example)
- In broad surveys, questions only ask if a disaster has occurred, not the type of
disaster.
SO...
Epidemiologic finding could underestimate lifetime prevalence of PTSD
What are the two human-caused agents of destruction subcategories? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔1. Technological accidents
2. Mass violence
Define human-casued technological accidents? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Caused by
neglect, carelessness, failures in technology such as dam collapses or mass
transportation accidents (Planes, trains, automobiles; NO INTENT!)
What are human-caused mass violence? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Disasters caused
by INTENT of malevolence such as shooting sprees or peacetime terrorist attacks. Also
included interpersonal violence/mass violence done intentionally
What type of human caused disaster is more difficult to recover from (From Bolin's
perspective)? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Technological accidents because they
represent callousness, carelessness, and insensitivity. These are also typically followed
by lasting disputes and litigation.
(And natural disasters are typically said to be acts of God)
What is the assumption about whether technological or natural disasters are more
harmful? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Assumption = tech accidents have a greater mental
health impact (this is notwithstanding)
