SOPHIA_HUMAN_BIOLOGY_FINAL_MILESTONE_2020 | SOPHIA_HUMAN_BIOLOGY_FINAL_MILESTONE

HUMAN BIOLOGY FINAL MILESTONE 1 Using specially designed bacteria to clean up environmentally hazardous radioactive waste would be an example of __________. • bioremediation • sequencing • a polymerase chain reaction • gene therapy CONCEPT DNA Technology and Research 2 Which part of the kidney does the actual filtering of the blood? • Renal cortex • Nephrons • Renal pelvis • Renal medulla CONCEPT Kidneys 3 __________ T cells and __________T cells are two types of effector T cells. • Memory; NK • NK; helper • Antibody; cytotoxic• Cytotoxic; helper CONCEPT Cell-Mediated Response 4 Which part of the large intestine absorbs water? • All parts absorb water • Descending colon • Transverse colon • Ascending colon CONCEPT Large Intestine 5 Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries signals to the internal organs? • Somatic • Parasympathetic • Sympathetic • Autonomic CONCEPT Central And Peripheral Nervous System 6 Which of the following body parts is included in the axial skeleton? • Ribcage •Feet • Shoulders • Hips CONCEPT Skeleton 7 Select the FALSE statement about stem cells. • They are unspecialized cells found in undeveloped embryos and adult bodies. • They are specialized cells found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. • Scientists are researching ways that these cells can repair damaged parts of the nervous system. • Scientists manipulate these cells to produce new types of cells. CONCEPT Stem Cells 8 Which kind of joint allows the arm to bend? • Synovial • Suture • Cartilaginous • Fibrous CONCEPT Joints 9 Which of these is TRUE of a neuron at resting potential?• Sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions into the neuron. • The neuron has more positive charges inside than outside. • The neuron has more potassium ions inside than outside. • Sodium-potassium pumps transport potassium ions out of the neuron. CONCEPT Membrane Potential and Action Potential 10 Which of the following occurs during interphase (G1, S and G2) of the cell cycle? • Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. • The cell grows larger and makes copies of DNA to prepare for cell division. • DNA condenses into chromosomes. • The plasma membrane pinches off to form two separate cells. CONCEPT Mitosis 11 At what level of protein structure do amino acid chains twist and fold? • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Quaternary CONCEPT Proteins 12When solute concentration is lower outside of the cell than inside the cell, water will move in a net direction into the cell. This is called a(n) _________. • isotonic solution • selectively permeable solution • hypertonic solution • hypotonic solution CONCEPT Osmosis 13 To date, which of these has been used largely in creating clones? • Recombinant DNA technology • Protein mapping • RNA sequencing • Metabolic profiling CONCEPT DNA Technology and Research 14 Which of the following is carried out by vesicles? • Breaking down substances within the cell • Facilitated diffusion • Synthesizing proteins• Organizing organelles prior to division CONCEPT Golgi Body 15 Which component of blood plays a role in the immune system? • Red blood cells • Platelets • White blood cells • Plasma CONCEPT Blood 16 What is the term for wave-like contractions of the digestive tract that help move food through? • Peristalsis • Palate • Salivary amylase • Bolus CONCEPT Chewing and Swallowing 17 What kind of blood pressure exists when the ventricle relaxes? • Hypertension •Hypotension • Systolic • Diastolic CONCEPT Blood Pressure 18 What are villi? • An enzyme that breaks down fats in the digestive system • Wave-like muscle contractions that push contents through the small intestine • Small, finger-like projections that line the mucosa and act to increase surface area and absorb nutrients • Hair-like projections that cover villi and aid in absorption of nutrients CONCEPT Small Intestine 19 What is produced by the ovaries? • Oocytes • Endometrium • Granulosa cells • Zygote CONCEPT Female Reproductive System 20What kind of immunity involves white blood cells that have receptors for specific pathogens that changes over time and produces memory cells? • Pathogenic • Innate • General • Adaptive CONCEPT Pathogens 21 Which of the following represents an involuntary muscle contraction? • Michael swats a fly away from his food. • Jude turns the page of a book he's reading. • Maureen's pupils narrow in response to bright light. • Roxanne goes for a walk to stimulate her muscles the day after finishing a marathon. CONCEPT Muscular System 22 How many chromosomes can be found in the nucleus of an unfertilized, female egg cell? • 46 • 0 • 23 •0.5 CONCEPT Fertilization and Early Development 23 Which of the following is a characteristic of the nucleus? • It is a double membrane that surrounds the nuclear envelope. • It houses the cell's DNA. • It is not found in eukaryotic cells. • It is a pocket in the cell's plasma membrane that houses DNA. CONCEPT Nucleus 24 Which of the following describes an organic compound? • A compound found only in eukaryotic cells • A compound made up of carbohydrates • A compound that contains the element carbon • A compound that cannot be broken down by the cell CONCEPT Carbohydrates 25 Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater make up which of the following? • Cerebrospinal fluid • The brain •Blood-brain barrier • Meninges CONCEPT The Brain