EXAM – QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
TheAhumanAbodyArequiresAcholesterol.AItAisAusedAtoAconstruct:
a.AmuscleAfibers
b.Aproteins
c.ADNA
d.AtheAcellAmembraneA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ad.AtheAcellAmembrane
CholesterolAisAusedAbyAtheAcellAtoAconstructAtheAphospholipidAbilayerAofAtheAcellAmembrane.AE
veryAcellAinAtheAbody.
MitochondriaAcontainAtheAenzymesAnecessaryAfor:
a.Agluconeogenesis
b.Aphagocytosis
c.Aphotosynthesis
d.AATPAproductionA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ad.AATPAproduction
MitochondriaAareAtheApowerhousesAofAtheAcell.ATheirAmainAfunctionAisAtoAproduceAATP.
TheAmovementAofAionsAthroughAtheAsodium-potassiumApumpAisAanAexampleAofA________.
a.Aosmosis
b.AactiveAtransport
c.AsimpleAdiffusion
d.ApassiveAtransportA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ab.AactiveAtransport
TheAsodium-
potassiumApumpAisAanAexampleAofAanAactiveAtransportApump.AActiveAtransportArequiresAanAen
ergyAinput;AinAthisAcase,AATP.
InAtheArestingAmembraneApotential,ApotassiumAisApredominantlyAanA________-
cellularAionAandAsodiumAisApredominantlyAanA________-cellularAion.
,a.Aextra-;Aintra-
b.Aintra-;Aintra-
c.Aintra-;Aextra-
d.Aextra-;Aextra-A-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ac.Aintra-;Aextra-
SodiumAinApredominantlyAanAextracellularAion,AwithAaAnormalAserumAconcentrationAofA135-
145AmEq/LAandAintracellularAconcentrationAofA3.5-
5AmEq/L.APotassiumAisAlargelyAanAintracellularAion,AatAconcentrationsAofA135-
145AmEq/LAintracellularlyAandAextracellularAconcentrationAofA3.5-5AmEq/L.
DuringAtheAactionApotentialAofAaAmuscleAorAnerveAcells,AsodiumArushingAintoAtheAcellAcausesAan
A________Aresponse.A-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:AallAorAnone
AnAall-or-
noneAresponseAoccursAafterAsodiumAinflux,AwhichAresultsAinAtheAsubsequentAphasesAofAtheAacti
onApotential.AOnceAsodiumAinfluxesAintoAtheAcell,AconductionAcannotAbeAstopped.
Hypertension,AorAhighAbloodApressure,ArequiresAtheAheartAtoAbecomeAstronger.ATheAcell'sAada
ptionAstrategyAinAresponseAtoAhypertensionAisA________.
a.Aatrophy
b.Ahypertrophy
c.Ametaplasia
d.AdysplasiaA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ab.Ahypertrophy
HypertrophyAisAtheAequivalentAofAbodyAbuildersAgettingAhugeAfromAliftingAweights.
GangreneAisAanAexampleAof:
a.Ahyperplasia
b.Aapoptosis
c.Anecrosis
d.AcellularAagingA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ac.Anecrosis
AnAindividualAwhoAcarriesAaAcopyAofAtheAgeneAisAaAcarrier.AAAsynonymAforAcarrier,AinAthisAcase,Ai
sA________.
, a.Arecessive
b.Adominant
c.Aheterozygous
d.AhomozygousA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ac.Aheterozygous
Huntington'sAdiseaseAisAanAautosomalAdominantAgeneticAdisorder.AOneAstrangeAandAcruelAfeat
ureAofAHuntington'sAdiseaseAisAthatApatientsAusuallyAhaveAhadAchildrenAbyAtheAtimeAsymptomsA
emerge.AWhatAisAtheAlikelihoodAthatAchildrenAofAparents—
eachAhomozygousA(i.e.AHHAandAHH)—willAinheritAtheAdisease?
a.A25%
b.A75%
c.A50%
d.A100%A-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ad.A100%
SinceAHuntington'sAdiseaseAfollowsAanAautosomalAdominantAinheritanceApattern,AanyAdomina
ntAalleleA(i.e.A"bigAH")AthatAisApassedAonAwillAresultAinAtheAdisease.AInAtheAcaseAofAtwoAhomozyg
ousAparents,A100%AofAtheAoffspringAwillAhaveAtheAdisease.
WhatAisAepigenetics?A-
AcorrectAanswersAEpigeneticsAisAtheAstudyAofAchangesAinAorganismsAcausedAbyAmodificationAofA
geneAexpressionAratherAthanAalterationAofAtheAgeneticAcodeAitself.
Antigen-presentingAcellsAfunctionAto:
a.AinitiateAtheAcomplementAcascadeAbyAwayAofAtheAalternateApathwayA
b.AstimulateAcytokineAproductionAbyAmacrophages
c.AphagocytoseAandAdegradeAforeignAantigens
d.AdisplayAforeignAantigenAonAtheirAcellAsurfacesAboundAtoAMHCA-
AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Ad.AdisplayAforeignAantigenAonAtheirAcellAsurfacesAboundAtoAM
HC
WhichAclinicalAfindingAisAmostAindicativeAofAanAacuteAbacterialAinfection?
a.AincreasedA(band)AneutrophilsA
b.AelevatedAerythrocyteAsedimentationArate
c.AelevatedAWBCAcount
d.AelevatedAtemperatureA-AcorrectAanswersAcorrectAanswer:Aa.AincreasedA(band)Aneutrophils