Pathogenic Microbiology Exam 4 with precise detailed ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answers
(disease, causative bacteria) cough that lasts more than 3 weeks, loss of appetite and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
unintentional weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, bloody sputum if lung tissue destruction
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
is extensive, disseminated __ is possible - correct answer✔✔tuberculosis, mycobacterium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tuberculosis
transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis is: - correct answer✔✔person to person
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis cell structure - correct answer✔✔gram positive rod ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lipid rich cell wall
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycolic acid in cell wall (acid fast)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
non-pigmented
mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors - correct answer✔✔intracellular pathogen
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lipid phosphatase (SapM)
||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium/calmodulin
mycolic acids ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: bacteria grows in alveolar macrophages - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔intracellular pathogen ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), which is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
required for phagolysosome fusion - correct answer✔✔lipid phosphatase (SapM)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,mycobacterium tuberculosis: dependent protein kinase II (CamKII), binds to early endosomal ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
autoantigen (EAA1) on phagosome, which is required for phagolysosome formation. EEA1 is a ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptor for PI3P - correct answer✔✔calcium/calmodulin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: hydrophobic and waxy, reduced antibiotic solubility, resistant to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
chemicals - correct answer✔✔mycolic acids ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
immune clearing of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔increase in TNF-alpha to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stimulate strong immune response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
granuloma formation ||\\//||
white blood cells surround and form a dense wall around infected cells - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔granuloma formation ||\\//||
what happens if a granuloma is formed with a low number of bacteria? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔infection is contained ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what happens if a granuloma is formed with a high number of bacteria? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔granuloma encapsulates bacteria and protects them from macrophage killing; ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bacteria remain dormant for years ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔6-9 months of antibiotic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
therapy:
2 months isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4 months isoniazid (INH), rifampin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resistances of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔fluoroquinolones and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
macrolides
, prevention of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔prophylactic rifampin daily for
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4 months ||\\//||
active surveillance ||\\//||
(disease, bacteria) low grade fever, malaise, headache, dry non-productive cough that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gradually worsens over 2 weeks - correct answer✔✔tracheobronchitis/pharyngitis,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae ||\\//||
(disease, bacteria) low grade fever, malaise, headache, dry non-productive cough that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gradually worsens over 2 weeks; patchy infiltrates appearing in the lungs - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔walking pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae cell structure - correct answer✔✔no cell wall ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
pleomorphic and small ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sterols in cell membrane (vs hopanoids) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factors - correct answer✔✔P1 adhesins ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cytotoxicity
mycoplasma pneumoniae: bind sialic acids at the base of cilia on epithelial surfaces (leading
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to ciliostasis) and erythrocytes - correct answer✔✔P1 adhesins
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae: via hydrogen peroxide, superoxides, competition for nutrients, and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
immune response - correct answer✔✔cytotoxicity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment - correct answer✔✔azithromycin, doxycycline, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fluoroquinolones
mycoplasma pneumoniae resistances - correct answer✔✔all cell wall targeting drugs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answers
(disease, causative bacteria) cough that lasts more than 3 weeks, loss of appetite and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
unintentional weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, bloody sputum if lung tissue destruction
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
is extensive, disseminated __ is possible - correct answer✔✔tuberculosis, mycobacterium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
tuberculosis
transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis is: - correct answer✔✔person to person
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis cell structure - correct answer✔✔gram positive rod ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lipid rich cell wall
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycolic acid in cell wall (acid fast)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
non-pigmented
mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors - correct answer✔✔intracellular pathogen
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lipid phosphatase (SapM)
||\\//|| ||\\//||
calcium/calmodulin
mycolic acids ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: bacteria grows in alveolar macrophages - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔intracellular pathogen ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), which is
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
required for phagolysosome fusion - correct answer✔✔lipid phosphatase (SapM)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,mycobacterium tuberculosis: dependent protein kinase II (CamKII), binds to early endosomal ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
autoantigen (EAA1) on phagosome, which is required for phagolysosome formation. EEA1 is a ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptor for PI3P - correct answer✔✔calcium/calmodulin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycobacterium tuberculosis: hydrophobic and waxy, reduced antibiotic solubility, resistant to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
chemicals - correct answer✔✔mycolic acids ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
immune clearing of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔increase in TNF-alpha to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stimulate strong immune response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
granuloma formation ||\\//||
white blood cells surround and form a dense wall around infected cells - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔granuloma formation ||\\//||
what happens if a granuloma is formed with a low number of bacteria? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔infection is contained ||\\//|| ||\\//||
what happens if a granuloma is formed with a high number of bacteria? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔granuloma encapsulates bacteria and protects them from macrophage killing; ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
bacteria remain dormant for years ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔6-9 months of antibiotic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
therapy:
2 months isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4 months isoniazid (INH), rifampin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
resistances of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔fluoroquinolones and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
macrolides
, prevention of mycobacterium tuberculosis - correct answer✔✔prophylactic rifampin daily for
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4 months ||\\//||
active surveillance ||\\//||
(disease, bacteria) low grade fever, malaise, headache, dry non-productive cough that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gradually worsens over 2 weeks - correct answer✔✔tracheobronchitis/pharyngitis,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae ||\\//||
(disease, bacteria) low grade fever, malaise, headache, dry non-productive cough that
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gradually worsens over 2 weeks; patchy infiltrates appearing in the lungs - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔walking pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae cell structure - correct answer✔✔no cell wall ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
pleomorphic and small ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sterols in cell membrane (vs hopanoids) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factors - correct answer✔✔P1 adhesins ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cytotoxicity
mycoplasma pneumoniae: bind sialic acids at the base of cilia on epithelial surfaces (leading
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to ciliostasis) and erythrocytes - correct answer✔✔P1 adhesins
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae: via hydrogen peroxide, superoxides, competition for nutrients, and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
immune response - correct answer✔✔cytotoxicity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment - correct answer✔✔azithromycin, doxycycline, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
fluoroquinolones
mycoplasma pneumoniae resistances - correct answer✔✔all cell wall targeting drugs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
