ASWB Clinical Exam Complete Questions And Verified Answers

ASWB Clinical Exam Complete Questions And Verified Answers .social work theories - Answer-general explanations that are supported by evidence obtained through the scientific method; may explain human behavior by describing how humans interact with, or react to, certain stimuli .psychodynamic theories - Answer-theories that explain the origin of the personality -focus on the dynamic relations between the conscious and unconscious mind and explore how these psychological forces might relate to early childhood experiences .psychoanalytic theory - Answer-theory originally developed by Sigmund Freud; posits that a client is seen as the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious -therapy focuses on increasing self-understanding and depending insight into emotional issues and conflicts which underlie the presenting difficulties .cpreconscious, conscious, unconscious - Answer-Freud's 3 different levels of awareness .preconscious - Answer-the level of awareness that contains contains all the information that is outside of a client's attention, but readily available if needed .conscious - Answer-the level of awareness that contains all the information that a client is paying attention to at any given time .unconscious - Answer-the level of awareness that contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which clients have no awareness, but that influence every aspect of theirday-to-day lives .id - Answer-a reservoir of instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses toward survival, sex, and aggression; is unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle .pleasure principle - Answer-the drive to achieve pleasure and avoid pain .ego - Answer-the component that manages the conflict between the id and the constraints of the real world; some parts are unconscious, whereas others are preconscious or conscious; operates according to the reality principle. role is to prevent the id from gratifying its impulses in socially inappropriate ways .reality principle - Answer-the awareness that gratification of impulses has to be delayed in order to accommodate the demands of the real world .ego syntonic - Answer-behaviors "insync" with the ego (no guilt) .ego dystonic - Answer-behavior "dis-n-sync" with the ego (guilt) .ego strength - Answer-the ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id, the superego, and reality; those with little of this may feel torn between these competing demands, whereas those with too much of this can become too unyielding and rigid; helps maintain emotional stability and cope with internal and external stress -those with high of this approach problems with a sense that they can overcome problems and even grow as a result -those with low of this view challenges as something to avoid, reality seems overwhelming and they may try to avoid it through wishful thinking, fantasies and/or substance use .superego - Answer-the moral component of personality which contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society; forces the ego to conform not only to reality, but also to its ideals of morality; hence, it causes clients to feel guilty when they go against society's rules .oral stage - Answer-psychosexual development birth to roughly 12 months sources of pleasure: Activities involving the mouth, such as sucking, biting, and chewing result of fixation: Excessive smoking, overeating, or dependence on others .anal stage - Answer-psychosexual development age 2, when the child is being toilet trained sources of pleasure: Bowel movements result of fixation: An overly controlling (analretentive) personality or an easily angered (analexpulsive) personality .phallic stage - Answer-psychosexual development age 3-5 sources of pleasure: genitals result of fixation: Guilt or anxiety about sex .latency stage - Answer-psychosexual development age 5 to puberty sources of pleasure: Sexuality is dormant during this period result of fixation: no fixations at this stage .genital stage - Answer-psychosexual development which begins at puberty sources of pleasure: The genitals; sexual urges return result of fixation: no fixations at this stage .oedipus complex - Answer-refers to a male child's sexual desire for his mother and hostility toward his father, whom he considers to be a rival for his mother's love -develops during the phallic stage .castration anxiety - Answer-a fear in the oedipus complex, Freud thought that a male child who sees a naked girl for the first time believes that her penis has been cut off; the child fears that his own father will do the same to him for desiring his mother; because of this fear, the child represses his longing for his mother and begins to identify with his father. .individual psychology - Answer-Alfred Adler's school of thought, in which main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges, but striving for perfection .compensation - Answer-the attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority .inferiority - Answer-those who suffer from this will overcompensate, which means that rather than try to master challenges, they try to cover up their sense of this by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth, and power .self psychology - Answer-defines the self as the central organizing and motivating force in personality -objective: to help a client develop a greater sense of self-cohesion .mirroring - Answer-self object need which validates the child's sense of a perfect self -also a technique used to gain rapport at the unconscious level (copying another person's gestures, tone of voice, or even catchphrases) .idealization - Answer-self object need in which the child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable .twinship - Answer-self object need in which the child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging .ego psychology - Answer-focuses on the rational, conscious processes of the ego -based on an assessment of a client as presented in the present (here and now) -treatment focuses on the ego functioning of a client because healthy behavior is under the control of the ego -attempts to hypothesize how the ego functions can cause harm to psychopathology -rooted in the belief that healthy ego is independent of any mental divergence and is inclusive of autonomous ego functions like reality-testing and memory .reality testing - Answer-a client's perception of the situation .trust vs. mistrust - Answer-From birth to 1 year, children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregiver(s). If trust develops successfully, the child gains confidence and security in the world around him or her and is able to feel secure even when threatened.Unsuccessful completion of this stage can result in an inability to trust,