IDRL 308 STUDY GUIDE TEST 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Critiques of how OELs are set - ✔✔- OELs assume a standard employment
relationship with single employer and 8 hour shifts.
- Many workers have multiple jobs and are exposed to chemicals at both jobs.
- These combined exposures may exceed OEL
- OHS regulations do not require employers to consider other exposures at other jobs or
in the community.
- Most OELs are set for young, healthy men but standards applied to both genders.
- OELs don't take into account varying individuals sensitivities to chemicals.
✔✔Precautionary Principle - ✔✔When a substance is suspected of being harmful to
workers, the public or the environment but there is no scientific consensus on the
question, so those seeking to use the substance must prove it's not harmful.
✔✔Pyscho-Social Hazards - ✔✔Stress and fatigue, violence, bullying and harassment
and working alone.
✔✔5 major sources of stress - ✔✔1. job characteristics such as workload, pace and
working conditions
2. level of responsibility in workplace including clarity of their role
3. job security, career development, promotions
4. problematic relationship with supervisor, co-worker including harassment and
discrimination
5. overall organizational structure and climate.
✔✔4 ways workers respond to workplace harassment and bullying - ✔✔1. Exit - quits or
transfers
2. Voice - speaks up
3. Patience - does nothing and hopes it improves
4. Neglect - does nothing
✔✔Hazards of working alone - ✔✔- theft , assault or attacked by outsider or client
- uncontrolled hazard causing harm to worker without anyone noticing
- injuries made worse by lack of immediate response
✔✔Working alone controls - ✔✔Administrative controls ex/ change of policies, two step
communication process
✔✔Precarious Employment - ✔✔employment that is non-standard or temporary that
may be poorly paid, and from the worker's perspective, insecure and unprotected.
✔✔Why does precarious work lead to poor workers health? - ✔✔- lack of control over
how and when work is performed
,- poor wages and lack of benefits
- increased risk of injury and stress
- injuries tend to be worse
- workers less aware of rights and have difficulty exercising those rights
✔✔3 major stakeholders in OHS systems - ✔✔- Employers
- Workers
- Government (federal and provincial)
✔✔Internal Responsibility System - ✔✔Philosophy of occupational health and safety
whereby employers and employees share responsibility for creating and maintaining
safe and healthy work environments.
✔✔3 part test of due diligence - ✔✔Preventability, foreseeability and control
✔✔How are workplace injuries social constructions? - ✔✔We judge what injuries count
as work related injuries by our own experiences, social media and various other
systems.
✔✔Social Construction - ✔✔A phenomenon that is determined by social or cultural
practices.
✔✔Purposes of OHS training - ✔✔- teaches skills and behaviours that allow workers to
work more safely
- sometimes training informs workers of their rights (unions usually deliver this)
✔✔Steps to planning OHS training system - ✔✔1. needs assessment to determine what
kind of training is required
2. determine training objectives to identify what the worker is expected to know or do by
the end of training
3. determine training method that will be used to achieve the training objective
4. select the trainer
5. assessment that will determine effectiveness of training
✔✔Training - ✔✔Providing workers with the knowledge, skills or behaviours to reduce
the risk of a workplace injury.
✔✔Learning - ✔✔the process of acquiring knowledge and skills that can lead to
behavioural change
✔✔Behaviourism - ✔✔Asserts that attaching rewards and punishments to specific
worker actions can shape how workers behave.
✔✔Social Cognition Theory - ✔✔The perspective that people learn how to act by
observing others.
, ✔✔WHMIS - ✔✔Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
✔✔Instructional Design - ✔✔A process of systematically developing training to meet
specified needs
✔✔3 phases of emergency plan - ✔✔1. activation
2. evacuation, rescue or shelter
3. ongoing management
✔✔Incident - ✔✔an occurrence that resulted in or could have resulted in injury or death
✔✔Incident Investigation - ✔✔Intended to uncover the key facts on how and why an
incident occurred and how to prevent it from happening again.
✔✔Key questions asked about investigation - ✔✔- what types of incidents will trigger an
investigation ex/ injury?
- who will lead the investigation and who will participate in it?
- how will the information gathered be recorded?
- what tools and training are needed for investigation?
- what procedures will be followed during investigation?
✔✔What are the steps of an incident investigation? - ✔✔1. development of investigative
process (before incident occurs)
2. once incident occurs attend to any injured workers first
3. gather evidence
4. analyze data to determine cause
✔✔Proximate Cause - ✔✔The immediate reasons for an incident
✔✔Root Cause - ✔✔The factors under the surface that created the possibility of the
incident
✔✔Incident Report - ✔✔Permanent record of the incident and its causes. Should clearly
outline what happened and why it happened.
✔✔Duty to Accommodate - ✔✔Requirement that an employer must accommodate the
employee to the point of "undue hardship"
✔✔Components of disability management program - ✔✔- Prevention
- Accommodation
- Recovery
✔✔fungi - ✔✔plants that lack chlorophyll, such as mushrooms, yeast, mold
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Critiques of how OELs are set - ✔✔- OELs assume a standard employment
relationship with single employer and 8 hour shifts.
- Many workers have multiple jobs and are exposed to chemicals at both jobs.
- These combined exposures may exceed OEL
- OHS regulations do not require employers to consider other exposures at other jobs or
in the community.
- Most OELs are set for young, healthy men but standards applied to both genders.
- OELs don't take into account varying individuals sensitivities to chemicals.
✔✔Precautionary Principle - ✔✔When a substance is suspected of being harmful to
workers, the public or the environment but there is no scientific consensus on the
question, so those seeking to use the substance must prove it's not harmful.
✔✔Pyscho-Social Hazards - ✔✔Stress and fatigue, violence, bullying and harassment
and working alone.
✔✔5 major sources of stress - ✔✔1. job characteristics such as workload, pace and
working conditions
2. level of responsibility in workplace including clarity of their role
3. job security, career development, promotions
4. problematic relationship with supervisor, co-worker including harassment and
discrimination
5. overall organizational structure and climate.
✔✔4 ways workers respond to workplace harassment and bullying - ✔✔1. Exit - quits or
transfers
2. Voice - speaks up
3. Patience - does nothing and hopes it improves
4. Neglect - does nothing
✔✔Hazards of working alone - ✔✔- theft , assault or attacked by outsider or client
- uncontrolled hazard causing harm to worker without anyone noticing
- injuries made worse by lack of immediate response
✔✔Working alone controls - ✔✔Administrative controls ex/ change of policies, two step
communication process
✔✔Precarious Employment - ✔✔employment that is non-standard or temporary that
may be poorly paid, and from the worker's perspective, insecure and unprotected.
✔✔Why does precarious work lead to poor workers health? - ✔✔- lack of control over
how and when work is performed
,- poor wages and lack of benefits
- increased risk of injury and stress
- injuries tend to be worse
- workers less aware of rights and have difficulty exercising those rights
✔✔3 major stakeholders in OHS systems - ✔✔- Employers
- Workers
- Government (federal and provincial)
✔✔Internal Responsibility System - ✔✔Philosophy of occupational health and safety
whereby employers and employees share responsibility for creating and maintaining
safe and healthy work environments.
✔✔3 part test of due diligence - ✔✔Preventability, foreseeability and control
✔✔How are workplace injuries social constructions? - ✔✔We judge what injuries count
as work related injuries by our own experiences, social media and various other
systems.
✔✔Social Construction - ✔✔A phenomenon that is determined by social or cultural
practices.
✔✔Purposes of OHS training - ✔✔- teaches skills and behaviours that allow workers to
work more safely
- sometimes training informs workers of their rights (unions usually deliver this)
✔✔Steps to planning OHS training system - ✔✔1. needs assessment to determine what
kind of training is required
2. determine training objectives to identify what the worker is expected to know or do by
the end of training
3. determine training method that will be used to achieve the training objective
4. select the trainer
5. assessment that will determine effectiveness of training
✔✔Training - ✔✔Providing workers with the knowledge, skills or behaviours to reduce
the risk of a workplace injury.
✔✔Learning - ✔✔the process of acquiring knowledge and skills that can lead to
behavioural change
✔✔Behaviourism - ✔✔Asserts that attaching rewards and punishments to specific
worker actions can shape how workers behave.
✔✔Social Cognition Theory - ✔✔The perspective that people learn how to act by
observing others.
, ✔✔WHMIS - ✔✔Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
✔✔Instructional Design - ✔✔A process of systematically developing training to meet
specified needs
✔✔3 phases of emergency plan - ✔✔1. activation
2. evacuation, rescue or shelter
3. ongoing management
✔✔Incident - ✔✔an occurrence that resulted in or could have resulted in injury or death
✔✔Incident Investigation - ✔✔Intended to uncover the key facts on how and why an
incident occurred and how to prevent it from happening again.
✔✔Key questions asked about investigation - ✔✔- what types of incidents will trigger an
investigation ex/ injury?
- who will lead the investigation and who will participate in it?
- how will the information gathered be recorded?
- what tools and training are needed for investigation?
- what procedures will be followed during investigation?
✔✔What are the steps of an incident investigation? - ✔✔1. development of investigative
process (before incident occurs)
2. once incident occurs attend to any injured workers first
3. gather evidence
4. analyze data to determine cause
✔✔Proximate Cause - ✔✔The immediate reasons for an incident
✔✔Root Cause - ✔✔The factors under the surface that created the possibility of the
incident
✔✔Incident Report - ✔✔Permanent record of the incident and its causes. Should clearly
outline what happened and why it happened.
✔✔Duty to Accommodate - ✔✔Requirement that an employer must accommodate the
employee to the point of "undue hardship"
✔✔Components of disability management program - ✔✔- Prevention
- Accommodation
- Recovery
✔✔fungi - ✔✔plants that lack chlorophyll, such as mushrooms, yeast, mold
