WGU D236 Patho Megan Shay’s Study
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Guides exam with verified answers
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What |is |the |primary |determinant |of |oncotic |pressure? |- |correct |answer |Albumin
Form |of |osmotic |pressure |exerted |by |proteins |- |correct |answer |Oncotic |Pressure
What |is |the |difference |between |adult |and |child |immunity? |- |correct |answer |Naive |T |Cells
Fluid |and |electrolyte |levels |are |regulated |by |_________________, |which |regulates |actions |
such |as |thirst, |ADH, |the |kidneys, |and |RAAS. |- |correct |answer |Osmoreceptors
What |are |the |causes |of |dehydration? |- |correct |answer |#Excessive |loss
#Inadequate |intake
#Both
What |s/sx |are |associated |with |dehydration? |- |correct |answer |#Dry |mucous |membranes
#Decreased |skin |turgor
#Decreased |urine |output
#Low |blood |pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak |heart |rate
#Confusion
A |patient |with |a |viral |illness |and |severe |vomiting |has |an |elevated |CO2 |level |and |pH |of |7.53. |
She |is |breathing |slowly. |What |condition |does |she |have? |- |correct |answer |Metabolic |alkalosis
,The |patient's |pH |and |CO2 |levels |are |both |elevated |(moving |in |the |same |direction). |This |
indicates |metabolic |alkalosis. |The |CO2 |level |is |high |because |her |respiratory |system |is |
attempting |to |compensate |for |the |high |pH |by |exhaling |less |and |retaining |more |CO2.
Normal |CO2 |level |- |correct |answer |35-45
Normal |pH |level |- |correct |answer |7.35-7.45
Normal |HCO3 |level |- |correct |answer |22-26
Michael's |pulmonary |edema |leads |to |respiratory |acidosis. |How |does |pH |impact |Michael's |
basal |metabolic |panel? |Choose |3 |answers.
His |CO2 |level |is |increased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |removing |it |from |the |bloodstream.
His |calcium |level |is |reduced |because |the |elevated |concentration |of |H+ |makes |it |easier |for |Ca+ |
to |bind |to |albumin.
His |CO2 |level |is |decreased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |adding |it |into |the |bloodstream.
His |sodium |level |is |decreased |due |to |hypervolemia.
His |K+ |is |elevated |because, |as |H+ |moves |inside |of |cells |in |an |attempt |to |get |it |out |of |the |
bloodstream, |K+ |moves |from |cells |into |the |bloodstream. |- |correct |answer |His |CO2 |level |is |
increased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |removing |it |from |the |bloodstream.
His |sodium |level |is |decreased |due |to |hypervolemia.
His |K+ |is |elevated |because, |as |H+ |moves |inside |of |cells |in |an |attempt |to |get |it |out |of |the |
bloodstream, |K+ |moves |from |cells |into |the |bloodstream.
,A |hormone |panel |was |done |on |a |patient |with |congestive |heart |failure |and |fluid |volume |
overload. |Which |elevated |hormone |on |the |patient's |chart |is |indicative |of |the |body's |attempt |
to |reduce |the |fluid |overload?
Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)
Brain |natriuretic |peptide |(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin |- |correct |answer |BNP
BNP |is |released |when |fluid |volume |excess |is |present.
Normal |sodium |level |- |correct |answer |135-145
Hyponatremia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |Na |< |135
Loss |of |energy |or |fatigue
Nausea |and |vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle |spasms
Low |blood |pressure
Dark |scanty |urine
Irritability, |disorientation |and |neurological |manifestations
Seizures
, Hypernatremia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx |- |correct |answer |Na |> |145
Excessive |thirst
Extreme |fatigue
Confusion
Muscle |twitching |or |spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal |potassium |level |- |correct |answer |3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx |- |correct |answer |K |< |3.5
#Muscle |fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, |vomiting, |constipation
#Cardiac |dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia |(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |K |> |5.0
Muscle |weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia |(numbness/tingling)
Cardiac |dysrhythmias
Cardiac |arrest/MI
Normal |calcium |level |- |correct |answer |8.5-10.5
Hypocalcemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |Calcium |< |8.5
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Guides exam with verified answers
| | | |
What |is |the |primary |determinant |of |oncotic |pressure? |- |correct |answer |Albumin
Form |of |osmotic |pressure |exerted |by |proteins |- |correct |answer |Oncotic |Pressure
What |is |the |difference |between |adult |and |child |immunity? |- |correct |answer |Naive |T |Cells
Fluid |and |electrolyte |levels |are |regulated |by |_________________, |which |regulates |actions |
such |as |thirst, |ADH, |the |kidneys, |and |RAAS. |- |correct |answer |Osmoreceptors
What |are |the |causes |of |dehydration? |- |correct |answer |#Excessive |loss
#Inadequate |intake
#Both
What |s/sx |are |associated |with |dehydration? |- |correct |answer |#Dry |mucous |membranes
#Decreased |skin |turgor
#Decreased |urine |output
#Low |blood |pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak |heart |rate
#Confusion
A |patient |with |a |viral |illness |and |severe |vomiting |has |an |elevated |CO2 |level |and |pH |of |7.53. |
She |is |breathing |slowly. |What |condition |does |she |have? |- |correct |answer |Metabolic |alkalosis
,The |patient's |pH |and |CO2 |levels |are |both |elevated |(moving |in |the |same |direction). |This |
indicates |metabolic |alkalosis. |The |CO2 |level |is |high |because |her |respiratory |system |is |
attempting |to |compensate |for |the |high |pH |by |exhaling |less |and |retaining |more |CO2.
Normal |CO2 |level |- |correct |answer |35-45
Normal |pH |level |- |correct |answer |7.35-7.45
Normal |HCO3 |level |- |correct |answer |22-26
Michael's |pulmonary |edema |leads |to |respiratory |acidosis. |How |does |pH |impact |Michael's |
basal |metabolic |panel? |Choose |3 |answers.
His |CO2 |level |is |increased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |removing |it |from |the |bloodstream.
His |calcium |level |is |reduced |because |the |elevated |concentration |of |H+ |makes |it |easier |for |Ca+ |
to |bind |to |albumin.
His |CO2 |level |is |decreased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |adding |it |into |the |bloodstream.
His |sodium |level |is |decreased |due |to |hypervolemia.
His |K+ |is |elevated |because, |as |H+ |moves |inside |of |cells |in |an |attempt |to |get |it |out |of |the |
bloodstream, |K+ |moves |from |cells |into |the |bloodstream. |- |correct |answer |His |CO2 |level |is |
increased |because |his |lungs |have |difficulty |removing |it |from |the |bloodstream.
His |sodium |level |is |decreased |due |to |hypervolemia.
His |K+ |is |elevated |because, |as |H+ |moves |inside |of |cells |in |an |attempt |to |get |it |out |of |the |
bloodstream, |K+ |moves |from |cells |into |the |bloodstream.
,A |hormone |panel |was |done |on |a |patient |with |congestive |heart |failure |and |fluid |volume |
overload. |Which |elevated |hormone |on |the |patient's |chart |is |indicative |of |the |body's |attempt |
to |reduce |the |fluid |overload?
Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)
Brain |natriuretic |peptide |(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin |- |correct |answer |BNP
BNP |is |released |when |fluid |volume |excess |is |present.
Normal |sodium |level |- |correct |answer |135-145
Hyponatremia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |Na |< |135
Loss |of |energy |or |fatigue
Nausea |and |vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle |spasms
Low |blood |pressure
Dark |scanty |urine
Irritability, |disorientation |and |neurological |manifestations
Seizures
, Hypernatremia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx |- |correct |answer |Na |> |145
Excessive |thirst
Extreme |fatigue
Confusion
Muscle |twitching |or |spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal |potassium |level |- |correct |answer |3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx |- |correct |answer |K |< |3.5
#Muscle |fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, |vomiting, |constipation
#Cardiac |dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia |(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |K |> |5.0
Muscle |weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia |(numbness/tingling)
Cardiac |dysrhythmias
Cardiac |arrest/MI
Normal |calcium |level |- |correct |answer |8.5-10.5
Hypocalcemia |is |indicated |by |what |lab |result? |S/Sx? |- |correct |answer |Calcium |< |8.5
