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1. The law of effect says that ____:
a. satisfying consequences are more powerful than annoying consequences
b. behaviour is a function of its consequences
c. how an organism perceives events is more important than the events
themselves
d. effective behaviour drive out ineffective behaviour
- ANSWER behaviour is a function of its consequences
2. Thorndike made important contributions to all of the following fields except
_____.
a. educational psychology
b. animal learning
c. social psychology
d. psychological testing - ANSWER social psychology
3. Thorndike emphasized that we learn mainly from _______.
a. errors
,b. repeated trials
c. success
d. social experiences - ANSWER success
4. ________ gave Skinner's experimental chamber the name, "Skinner box.":
a. Fred Keller
b. Thorndike
c. John Watson
d. Clark Hull - ANSWER Clark Hull
5. Mary's grandmother, Pearl, is from the Old Country. Although she knows some
English, she continues to speak her native tongue. Pearl can't go anywhere
without a member of the family because she can't communicate with people
about prices, directions, bus routes, etc. Pearl's resistance to learning English is
most likely the result of ______
a. a lack of intelligence
b. age, studies show that after 60 learning a new language is near impossible
c. the length of time she spent speaking her native language
d. the benefits she receives for not speaking English - ANSWER the benefits
she receives for not speaking English
6. Mary is trying to get her grandmother Peral to speak more English. She and the
rest of the family refuse to response to any comment or request if they know if
can be done in English. For example, if during dinner Peral says " pass the
potatoes" in English, she will get the potatoes, if she says it in her native tongue
she is ignored. This is an example of:
,a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. adventitious reinforcement
d. punishment - ANSWER positive reinforcement
7. Charles Catania identified three characteristics that define reinforcement.
These include all of the following except _______.
a. a behaviour must have a consequence
b. the consequences of the behaviour must be positive
c. a behaviour must increase in strength
d. the increase in strength must be the result of the behaviours consequences -
ANSWER the consequences of the behaviour must be positive
8. The one thing that all reinforcers have in common is that they ___:
a. strengthen behaviour
b. are positive
c. feel good
d. provide feedback - ANSWER strengthen behaviour
9. The number of operant procedures indicated in the contingency square is:
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
, d. 9 - ANSWER 4
10. Negative reinforcement is also called:
a. punishment
b. aversive training
c. escape-avoidance training
d. reward training - ANSWER escape-avoidance training
11. Alan Neuringer demonstrated that with reinforcement, _____ could learn to
behave randomly.
a. preschooler
b. cats
c. rats
d. pigeons - ANSWER pigeons
12. Skinner describes some of his most important research in _______.
a. Verbal Behaviour
b. The Behaviour of Organisms
c. Particulars of my Life
d. Animal Intelligence - ANSWER The Behaviour of Organisms
13. The author of the text calls Skinner the ____
a. Newton of Psychology